M Hanefeld

..The observation that statins, ACE inhibitors and AT1 blockers also contributed to a reduction of new diabetes cases was made in studies on the prevention of coronary heart diseases...

..This, in turn, requires a growing body of evidence from large, long-term outcome trials - but appropriate data are still unavailable for the vast majority of antidiabetic drugs...

..To assess the long-term effects of orlistat on body weight, glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes...

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..Early type 2 diabetes is a state of both fasting and postprandial ED, which is not sensitive to acarbose treatment. Protective cardiovascular effects of acarbose might involve other mechanisms...

..The areas under the curve above fasting BG (AUC1) and above 5.6 mmol/l (AUC2) were calculated for further evaluation. Hb (A1c) was measured at baseline and after a mean of 89 (74 to 108) days...

..Postprandial metabolic and inflammatory parameters were strongly interrelated. These results suggest pleiotropic effects of acarbose, which may contribute to its vasoprotective potentials...

..We aimed to compare time spent at low glucose level (silent hypoglycemia, glucose <3.0 mmol/l) and glycemic variability in patients who reached HbA1c <7.0% with those who did not...

..But some other studies showed that, this association was not significant in Chinese and French . The aim of the current study was to examine whether the associations manifested in a German population with high risk of type 2 diabetes...

..It has been suggested that deteriorating glycemic control is related to baseline hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) values and remaining beta-cell function...

..Additionally, the glycemic response to sitagliptin 100 mg daily was evaluated as a once-daily (100 mg once-daily) or twice-daily (50 mg twice-daily) dosing regimen...

..The antidyslipidaemic effects of pioglitazone--in particular, improvements in HDL-C and reduction of small dense LDL3--may have contributed to these effects...

..The distinctly lower prevalence delineated from WHO criteria is due to low frequency of central obesity and hypertension as consequence of higher cutoff limits for these components used in the WHO definition...

..Building on a "common soil" for the disease components, optimal treatment can be provided and side effect as well as costs reduced...

..To assess if treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose can reduce cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients...

..A definite answer with respect to the benefit/risk ratio of fibrates should be provided by large ongoing studies with these drugs in representative groups of diabetes patients (LDS, TrUMPET, FIELD)...

..Instead of a stepwise treatment algorithm an individualized therapy based on pathophysiology and comorbidities taking into account the global risk seems to be beneficial...

..This article reviews the relationship between the control of post-prandial hyperglycemia and diabetes-related complications...

..SCOPE: This paper (based upon MEDLINE and EMBASE literature searches in the year range 1990-2005) reviews what we have learned from outcome studies up to the end of 2004 and looks at what we hope to learn from ongoing studies...

..Thus, simple, collective diagnostics and therapy for this finely meshed group of diseases together with its risk factors is possible...

..In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared the effect of acarbose (A) and glibenclamide (G) on post-prandial (pp) and 24-h profiles of proinsulin and insulin...

..Lastly, important efforts to halt disease progression with emphasis on beta-cell regeneration are presented...

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..The present study was designed to further evaluate its mode of action on insulin sensitivity over an extended period of time as well as the effects on fibrinogen and other markers of low-grade inflammation...

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..CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Sitagliptin significantly improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had inadequate glycaemic control on exercise and diet...

..The study was designed to evaluate whether reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, or both interventions reduce the risk of T2DM or cardiovascular events in patients with IGT...

..5% yielded a 10% relative reduction in the combined outcome of major macrovascular and microvascular events, primarily as a consequence of a 21% relative reduction in nephropathy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00145925.)..

..We determined the effects of ramipril and rosiglitazone on combined and individual CVD and renal outcomes in people with IGT and/or IFG in the Diabetes REduction Assessment With ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial...

..To compare glucose control over 18 months between rosiglitazone oral combination therapy and combination metformin and sulphonylurea in people with Type 2 diabetes...

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..However, this fact does not justify delaying treatment with insulin, which is always needed when the goals of treatment cannot be achieved with oral preparations...

..abstract truncated at 250 words)..

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..In conclusion, IGT subjects with a similar level of fasting TG do not exhibit lipid intolerance. Our data suggest that glucose intolerance should precede lipid intolerance...

..Our data point to a functional relationship between insulin resistance and leptin concentrations in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic men, independently of body composition. This relationship is believed to be mediated by insulin...

..2 vs. 2.1; placebo 2.6 vs. 3.0]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a more substantial improvement of glucose control under glibenclamide than under acarbose which, however, was not associated with an increase of insulin sensitivity...

..This also applies to the combination with insulin...

..We therefore studied the importance of the triglycerides within a defined glycemic state in patients with an elevated familial risk for metabolic diseases...

..The investigators stand strongly behind these results demonstrating that acarbose treatment is associated with a delay in the development of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular complications in a high-risk population with IGT...

..This study compared the effects of pioglitazone and gliclazide on metabolic control in drug-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..No cases of hypoglycaemia were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Miglitol can safely and effectively be added to long-term combination therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with glibenclamide plus metformin...

..The first results from the PROactive study--the design of which, together with the data at study begin have already been published--are expected to become available by the end of 2005...

..HbA1c reduction is similar after pioglitazone and metformin monotherapies, but differences in FPG, plasma lipids, and adverse effects between the two compounds may influence decision-making in individual prescribers...

..In summary, the early detection and treatment of abnormalities of glucose metabolism reduces cardiac events...

..This 52-week, randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of metformin plus pioglitazone with the established combination of metformin plus gliclazide in type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..6% of the patients. We therefore conclude that the frequency of the A3243G mutation is much lower in the investigated study population, mostly originating from Saxonia, than in asian populations...

..In conclusion, in addition to the marked decrease in blood pressure, valsartan significantly reduces total and LDL cholesterol levels and is neutral on glucose metabolism...

..Postprandial HTG was also shown to be correlated with increased IMT in type 2 diabetic patients...

..Both processes seem to develop parallel to each other and determine the progress of the glucose intolerance. Fasting and 2h post-challenge glucose were the most important predictors of subsequent glucose intolerance...