M Bohus

..The BSL-95 includes 95 items. In order to reduce patient burden and assessment time, a short version with 23 items (BSL-23) was developed...

..In summary, mindfulness used as one component in modular conceptualized treatment programs seems to be both acceptable and effective...

..The intention was to develop a concept which gets beyond the school oriented therapeutic approaches in order to provide the platform for further developments of general and specific treatments for personality disorders...

..An overview is given on the treatment rational, the dynamic hierarchy of treatment focusses and the interventions used. In the internet version of this article treatment application is exemplified in a case study...

..This is mirrored by the annual costs for inpatient treatment extending to 4 billion Euros, which is approximately 20% of the total costs for psychiatric care in Germany...

..The psychometric properties and validity of the BSL have been investigated in several studies...

..Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is one of the most distinctive features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and related to impulsivity and emotional dysregulation...

..Our results suggest an association of PTSD with reduced pain sensitivity, which could be related to PTSD-related (neuro-)psychological alterations or to a pre-existing risk factor for the disorder...

..The aim of the present study was to test whether pain perception in patients with current SIB is different from that of patients who had stopped SIB, and whether pain perception of the latter group differs from healthy controls (HC)...

..This study aimed at clarifying whether central antinoceptive mechanisms discriminate BPD patients with and without co-occurrent PTSD...

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..The effects of inpatient dialectical behavior therapy seem to persist after patients returned to their usual lives...

..Furthermore, it highlights the importance of assessing present-state dissociation in basic research as well as psychotherapy...

..Furthermore, the pattern of instability that characterizes BPD has not yet been identified...

..M., 1993. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. The Guildford Press, New York.] and suggest the potential utility for evaluating treatment outcome...

..NSSI was usually preceded by a large variety of negative feelings that were reported to clearly improve with NSSI. In conclusion, therapists should anticipate a multidimensional functional spectrum when exploring motives of NSSI...

..Physiological arousal (heart rate) was related to distress in both groups. Our empirical findings emphasize training in labeling emotions and distress tolerance interventions in treatment for BPD...

..A traditional questionnaire approach does not distinguish between symptoms of the disorder and recall bias, although the pathological mechanisms underlying them as well as the appropriate treatment strategies may be different...

..The aim of our study was to determine whether high states of dissociative experience would specifically alter emotional learning, but not declarative knowledge...

..Our aim was to investigate the psychologic, somatosensory (pain sensitivity) and neural correlates of dissociative states in patients with these disorders...

..Impulsivity is a key feature of BPD and can be related to anterior cingulate cortex function...

..Pain in BPD has further been observed to lead to a reduction in neural activity in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, which may be attributed to patients' perception of relaxation...

..These findings suggest that hypoalgesia in BPD may primarily be due to altered intracortical processing similar to certain meditative states...

..To establish whether these findings are specific for BPD, we compared pain thresholds in patients with BPD, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bulimia nervosa, and healthy controls...

..We predicted that heat stimuli in patients with BPD would activate brain areas concerned with cognitive and emotional evaluation of pain...

..0 T in which we acquire data within only the small amygdala. The purpose of this study was to determine alterations of the metabolism in the amygdala in BPD patients...

..Both groups exhibit volume reductions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Our aim was to investigate the influence of comorbid PTSD on hippocampus and amygdala volumes in patients with BPD...

..Studies on psychopharmacological treatment with promising results have also recently been published. Sufficient outpatient treatment by trained psychotherapists is underdeveloped. Hence, specialized inpatient centers assume this task...

..We conclude that the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test (MMST) induces high levels of physiological and psychological stress and can serve as an economical method to investigate stress reactions in a laboratory setting...

..Most of the neuropsychologic, physiologic, endocrinologic, and neuroimaging data support the theory that a dual brain pathology, affecting prefrontal and limbic circuits, may underlie this hyperarousal-dyscontrol syndrome...

..Although current theories emphasize the disruptive potential of negative emotions on cognitive functioning in BPD, behavioral and neurobiological data on this relationship are still lacking...

..The results indicate that the BSL-23 is an efficient and convenient self-rating instrument that displays very good psychometric properties comparable to those of the full version of the BSL...

..Earlier findings in sleep EEG abnormalities in BPD may have been confounded by concomitant depressive symptoms...

..Several brain areas related to pain processing are implicated in PTSD. To our knowledge, no functional imaging study has discussed whether patients with PTSD experience and process pain in a different way than control subjects...

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..Within a relatively short time frame, improvement was found across a broad range of psychopathological features. Stability of the recovery after one month following discharge, however, was not evaluated and requires further study...

..Further placebo-controlled studies with larger populations are needed to confirm this finding...

..Implications of these findings for future research and management of BPD are discussed...

..Fixed affects analysis demonstrated that stimuli subjectively perceived as more painful resulted in increased activation of the caudal ACC, whereas less painful stimuli resulted in increased activation of the rostral ACC in both groups...

..Measuring electric pain thresholds is a valid and reasonable method for larger studies...

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..Self-reported guilt proneness and implicit anxiety may mediate the negative impact of comorbid PTSD on women with BPD...

..This may reflect intense labeling processes as being mentally ill due to repeated hospitalizations, frequent interpersonal difficulties, and visible scars...

..The DSS-acute is a reliable and valid instrument to assess present-time dissociative experiences as well as aversive inner tension. Current studies should further proof the sensitivity for changing symptomatology...

..Clinical experience suggests that people with borderline personality disorder often meet criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, empirical data are sparse...

..Current strategies are focusing on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder and the development and dissemination of better and more cost-effective treatments to clinicians...

..Increased adrenal activity and lowered feedback sensitivity of the HPA-axis may characterise BPD. Further studies have to reveal reasons of heightened adrenal activity in these patients...

..The discriminant validity of the TOSCA-3 to distinguish between shame- and guilt-proneness may be diminished in clinical samples. The measure of state shame (ESS) showed a large overlap with state anxiety...

..The authors hypothesized that a high level of perceived discrimination, little sense of identification with the group of people with mental illness, and a high level of perceived legitimacy of discrimination lead to self-stigma...