Gunter Kampf

..Considering these elements in clinical practice can have a significant impact to optimize the high quality of surgical hand disinfection for prevention of surgical site infections...

..The aim of this study was to assess if ethanol absorption occurs during hygienic and surgical hand disinfection using three different alcohol-based hand-rubs, and to quantify absorption levels in humans...

..Hand disinfection is acknowledged as key element for infection control, but its effect in open, work place settings is unclear...

....

..78 vs. 0.97; P=0.35). Based on our data, ethanol has superior efficacy against FCV than propan-1-ol. In addition, a higher ethanol concentration in three commercially available hand rubs was associated with better efficacy against FCV...

..That is why we conclude that, despite our results, meeting the efficacy requirements of one test method does not allow the claim that the requirements of the other test method are also met...

..35+/-1.6). A comparison of the atopic and non-atopic subjects revealed no significant difference. In conclusion, we found that tolerance to the five alcohol-based hand rubs was good among atopic and non-atopic subjects...

..Aim of the study was to determine the effect of the regular use of a hand cream after washing hands on skin hydration and skin roughness...

..05; Mann-Whitney U-test). It is concluded that the addition of emollients to a propanol-based hand rub can significantly decrease irritant contact dermatitis under frequent-use conditions...

..Colonies were counted after incubation of plates at 36 degrees C for 48 h. The mean log10 reduction of bacteria was calculated. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test was used for a comparison of treatments...

....

..For that reason, we investigated the efficacy of 2 different volumes of 4 marketed hand rubs when applied to contaminated hands...

..We studied the effect of 2 consecutive applications of hand rubs on resident bacterial hand flora...

..Finally, all subjects were instructed to cover both hands completely, irrespective of any specific steps ("responsible application"). Each rub-in technique was evaluated for untreated skin areas...

..Unless there is new and valid evidence to clearly support a benefit of using chlorhexidine gluconate in hand hygiene, healthcare workers should prefer formulations without this agent...

..05; Friedman test). A 1-min hand wash before application of the PBHR did not significantly change its efficacy for surgical hand disinfection in two consecutive surgical procedures of 3 h...

..Therefore, we have investigated the correlation between the applied amount and drying time, and the bactericidal efficacy of ethanol foams...

..Improved compliance in hand hygiene and targeted use of alcohol-based hand rubs can reduce the nosocomial infection rate by up to 40 %. The benefit of hand disinfection is therefore much larger than possible risks...

..75). Both WHO-recommended hand-rub formulations failed to meet the EN 12791 efficacy requirements for surgical hand disinfection within 5 min. A higher concentration of the active ingredients may improve the efficacy...

..Aim of the study was to measure the effect of chemical neutralization under practical test conditions according to EN 1500...

..Aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of two distinct ethanol-based hand rubs for surgical hand disinfection in a controlled cross-over trial according to prEN 12791...

..This state-of-the-art hand hygiene should also be emphasized more in community medicine. This review may help to go the first step into this direction...

..Comparable reductions were also observed against all 14 emerging bacterial pathogens. The four European test bacteria were found to be sufficient to determine a comprehensive bactericidal activity of a propanol-based hand rub...

..In our study, the DGHM test method did not provide additional information for hand rubs which exhibit their bactericidal efficacy with 3 mL within 30 s (EN 1500)...

..The switch from handwash to alcohol-based hand rub will improve healthcare workers skin if mistakes are avoided and hand rinses are used correctly...

..No significant correlation was found between overall or dermal acceptance and years of professional experience, profession or number of gel portions used for surgical hand disinfection (Pearson's correlation; P>0.05)...

..059; analysis of variance), although the difference of the mean pre and post-values was highly significant (P<0.001). EN 1500 is a reproducible test method which leads to valid data...

....

..291;P = 0.01) and handwash (correlation coefficient: 0.372, P = 0.01). Overall both procedures gave accurate and reproducible results...

..Due to the excellent acceptance by healthcare workers it may significantly improve compliance for hand hygiene and thereby help to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection...

..The lack of irritation or sensitization potential could enhance compliance with hand hygiene among healthcare workers...

..Using 2 x 3 mL Sterillium for a total of 1.5 min for surgical hand disinfection was at least as effective as the 3-min reference disinfection...

..It has been shown that staff shortage decreases hand hygiene compliance. Other factors may be important as well, but implementation of these 6 golden rules could be an effective step into the right direction...

..689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy...

..Replacement of these products with most available gels would be a step backward in terms of efficacy and has still to be seen critically from the efficacy point of view...

....

..3%). Our findings underline the potential for blood fixation, not only by glutaraldehyde, but also by peracetic acid, and support the evidence that effective cleaning should precede the chemical disinfection...

..Adhering to evidence-based hand hygiene protocols and following international guidelines on hand hygiene practices therefore, can help prevent irritant contact dermatitis among healthcare workers...

..Further studies are needed to determine the most effective concentration of CHG in n-propanol to provide the best protection against recolonization of the skin, e.g., for catheter site care...

..5 min significantly. But the effect of a 1 min preceding hand wash and the effect of one additional minute for evaporation of the alcohol after its application on the efficacy after a 1.5 min application time has never been studied...

..The results underline the safety of using alcohol-based hand rubs in hospitals...

..The aim of this study was to determine an effective and non-toxic neutralizing mixture for a propan-1-ol solution containing 2% CHG...

..The WHO regards hand hygiene as an essential tool for the prevention of nosocomial infection, but compliance in clinical practice is often low...

..Inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. The aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces...

..to hBD-3. The use of CHG for skin antisepsis is, based on our data, unlikely to change the natural defence activity of hBD-3...

..Implementation of accepted and reproducible standards for testing the cleaning efficacy will remain a goal for the next years...

..Glutardialdehyde and propan-1-ol did not adsorb to any of the fibres. Effective surface disinfection also includes selection of an appropriate fabric...

..This study investigated whether absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from commercially available hand rubs results in measurable concentrations after use...