C Belka

..This software is made freely available by us with a detailed description how to use and install the necessary features...

..Thus, the data provided do not support the strong conclusion issued by the authors. Based on the data available, surgery and radiotherapy still have to be considered as equally effective...

..This review introduces the structural and functional properties of PDGF and PDGF receptors and discusses the role and mechanism of PDGF signaling in normal and tumor tissues under different conditions in radiation oncology...

..The present work introduces a new method for an evaluation of triple therapies and provides some graphical examples in order to visualize the results...

..To overcome this limitation, we tested the feasibility of an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) protocol, taking under consideration the individual pelvic sentinel node drainage pattern by SPECT functional imaging...

..Additionally, little is known about the effect of TRAIL combined with radiation on normal tissues...

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..Taken together, radiotherapy is the only treatment option with curative potential in situations where a local failure is highly likely...

..In this regard, different areas of biological research may be distinguished: prediction, development of new cytotoxic agents, improvement of the tolerance of normal tissue and the optimisation of radiochemotherapy...

..The cascade is also anti-apoptotic by modulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and BAD function. The impact of MEK-1 on radiation resistance and the role of drugs targeting MEK-1 for the modulation of resistance is unclear...

..We conclude that the Lck deficiency influences early steps during radiation-induced mitochondrial alterations...

..Since contributing molecules for radiation-induced apoptosis and their exact order have not been analyzed in greater detail, the involvement of caspase-8 for radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma cell lines was studied...

..The demonstration that caffeine treatment can abrogate this G2 arrest, and that the cells go on to die, has implications for overcoming treatment resistance imposed by radiation-induced upregulation of p21CIP/WAF1...

..The reasons for this obvious contradiction are not understood...

..The execution phase had no influence on survival, whereas the initiation/decision phase controls immediate survival. However, abrogation of both phases did not influence radiation sensitivity...

..By contrast, Bcl-2 in either subcellular position did not influence CD95- or TRAIL-mediated apoptosis...

..In addition, a strong effect of TRAIL on radiation induced clonogenic cell death was found. In conclusion, TRAIL seems to be of high potential value for a combination with ionizing radiation in tumor therapy...

..This study reports on the treatment techniques, toxicity, and outcome of pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for lymph node-positive prostate cancer (LNPPC, T1-4, c/pN1 cM0)...

..In vitro analysis revealed activity for ifosfamide and temozolomide. The usefulness of these agents in recurrent disease was investigated...

..We conducted a retrospective analysis in 43 consecutive elderly patients with glioblastoma who either underwent radiotherapy (RT) or radiotherapy plus concomitant temozolomide (TMZ)...

..We postulate that HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 will be very promising new agents in the field of molecular targeted multi-modality anticancer therapy...

..The finding that ER-targeted Bcl-2 interferes with ErPC-induced mitochondrial damage points to an involvement of the ER in apoptosis signaling upstream of the mitochondria and to a crosstalk between both compartments...

..A significant minority of patients had durable tumor control with a chance of long-term survival...

..Because it remained unclear in how far these effects influence local tumor control, long-term experiments using a colorectal xenograft model were undertaken...

..The block of CRAC by sphingomyelinase metabolites adds a function to the repertoire of the CD95 receptor inhibiting T cell activation signals...

..In summary, it could be demonstrated that hypoxic stress confers a selection pressure on mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and, consecutively, to an increased resistance toward mitochondrial death triggers...

..By contrast, most patients treated at the University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany, received 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to determine the value of 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin-C-based therapy...

..Hypoxia did not induce Bcl-2 expression. Bcl-2 had a minor impact on the efficacy of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the data indicate that TRAIL is clearly effective under conditions of proven hypoxia...

..CONCLUSION: Our data show that a combined therapy with TRAIL and irradiation will only be effective in cells expressing at least one agonistic TRAIL receptor, FADD and caspase-8 or caspase-10...

..Toxicity was mild. Resection of the tumour bed revealed a pathologically complete response with an actual disease free follow-up of 48 months...

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..Local radiotherapy induces systemic effects and influences the immune system. Some of these effects can hardly be explained by direct cellular reactions, but might be triggered by humoral factors...

..Our data suggest that targeted agents can be effectively added to existing multimodal therapy approaches which might open new perspectives in radiation oncology...

..In conclusion, Celecoxib induces apoptosis via a novel apoptosome-dependent but Bcl-2-independent mitochondrial pathway...

..However, only limited data are presently available allowing for a precise selection of patients suitable for re-treatment with regard to safety and efficacy...

..In order to evaluate available data on radiation dose response relationships, in prostate cancer, a thorough and critical literature analysis was performed...

..To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI)-based reconditioning regimens in patients with graft failure or graft rejection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...

..Aim of the present study was to elucidate molecular mechanisms of combined action...

..Thus, in human tumors, hypoxia will mainly lead to the selection of hypoxia-resistant cells with defects in mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways...

..Thus, the requirement of the mitochondrial pathway for death receptor-induced apoptosis in type II cells should be reconsidered, since the protective effect of Bcl-2 is limited to lower TRAIL doses or early observation time points...

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..To account for the highly individual lymphatic drainage pattern we tested an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) approach based on the determination of pelvic sentinel lymph nodes (SN)...

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..Current data on the function of Bcl-2 at the ER, its role for the modulation of calcium fluxes and its influence on caspase activation at the ER are reviewed...

..The article reviews the currently available data on the cellular and molecular basis of radiation induced CNS side effects...

..018). Mitomycin C significantly reduces the risk of local recurrence and inhibits tumour cell repopulation in combination with fractionated irradiation in vivo in the tested tumour model...

..The following review evaluates whether fibroblast or lymphocyte radiation sensitivity measured in vitro correlates with the degree of acute and late radiation induced morbidity...

..The proposed pathophysiology of radiation enteritis is complex and a variety of different treatment strategies have been suggested for the management of acute radiation-induced diarrhea...

..To quantify therapy related effects after breast conservation therapy (BCT) with dynamic MRI of the breast...

..For patients with good performance status the choice of the optimal radiation schedule is less clear. Schedules with total doses between 30 and 45 Gy in 2.5-3.0 Gy fractions should be preferred in these situations...

..The present article reviews this novel biological strategy for optimized radiotherapy based on the combination of ionizing irradiation and death receptor triggered cell death...

..On the basis of previously reported results of a Phase II trial using a more aggressive, cisplatin-containing chemoradiotherapy schedule, we investigated the effects of this approach on long-term renal function...

..In order to further define the role of short-term radiotherapy as retreatment option for selected patients, we analyzed outcomes after treatment with a hypofractionated radiation...

..The use of different donors may contribute to avoid a second rejection...

..In view of a possible combination of Erufosine and radiotherapy in vivo we determined the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability as well as the tolerability of Erufosine in nude mice...

..Measurement of the radiation dose of different radiotherapy techniques with a phantom at the position of the uterus of a pregnant patient with and without a special radiation shielding...

..The percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses shows good long-term results as long as abscesses are singular, small (<200 cm(3)), and located in well accessible regions in combination with low APACHE scores (<30)...

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..Thus, ErPC triggers apoptosis via a Bcl-2-dependent mitochondrial but death receptor-independent pathway...

..We therefore developed an experimental model for combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia of the liver in transplantable rat Morris hepatoma 3924A...

..To clarify the relevance of these effects on local tumour control long-term experiments using a colorectal xenograft model were conducted...

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..In this regard, several signaling systems have proved to be of high potential value...

..The three-parameter model lends a new perspective to the equivalent uniform dose formalism and the established serial and parallel complication models. Its implications for dose optimization are discussed...

..In addition, only the piliated wild-type strains induced caspase-1-mediated activation of interleukin-1 beta. Thus, pili are necessary for distinct infection-induced cellular responses of human epithelial cells...

..For primary radiotherapy local control rates of 30-45% have been reported. We analyzed retrospectively 11 cases of radiochemotherapy with single-agent ifosfamide in patients with macroscopic soft-tissue sarcomas...

..Its value for modern radiation treatment planning is under investigation...

..In order to assess potential effects of a dose escalation in certain sub-volumes based on choline PET imaging a mathematical dose-response model was developed...

..This report demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that the CD95/CD95L system is important for the development of irradiation-induced pneumonitis...

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..Limited data concerning treatment-related prognostic factors in limited disease (LD) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with poor initial performance status (PS) who successfully completed chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are available...

..This effect contributes to CD95-induced cytosolic acidification, DNA fragmentation and cell shrinkage...

..This article reviews in brief the specific pathophysiology of tumour oxygenation and its implications for prognosis, tumour treatment and biology...

..After radical prostatectomy (RPE) pathologically advanced disease is detected in 38% to 52% of patients. Retrospective data on the role of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) are controversial...

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..It is important to note that TRAIL and TRAIL receptor agonistic antibodies, either as single..

..Most importantly, hypoxic selection was not associated with changes of single apoptosis relevant genes, but with alterations in gene expression levels of a wide variety of genes indicating a more complex adaptation process...

..Although head & neck and oesophageal carcinomas occur synchronously in up to 12%, almost no data on feasibility and outcome after radiotherapy are available...

..The use of TBI is generally accepted for ALL, whereas approximately half of the patients with CML or AML received TBI. Although a considerably large database was analyzed, no clear determinants for the use of TBI could be distinguished...

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..These data suggest that in addition to eat-me signals, apoptotic cells display attraction signals to ensure the efficient removal of apoptotic cells and prevent postapoptotic necrosis...

..We discuss the emerging concept of secondary hormonal manipulation on the basis of the current literature and demonstrate prospective alternative treatment modalities...

..Several recent SEER- (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-) analyses gave rise to a highly controversial discussion in how far radiotherapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of secondary neoplasms...

..The aim of the present study was to analyze cytotoxic efficacy of celecoxib in combination with irradiation on human prostate cancer cell lines and to define the importance of pro-apoptotic Bax in this process...

..Thus ZM-induced apoptosis depends not only on polyploidization, but also on the intracellular apoptotic signaling...

..To provide a rational basis for targeted treatment approaches in prostate cancer deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) system was analysed...

..Aim of this educational review is to summarize the available evidence and to define the role of radiation-based treatment options for oesophageal cancer...

..Here, we evaluated whether Bcl-2 overexpression affects the cytotoxic activity of proteasome inhibitors taken alone or in association with conventional anticancer drugs or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)...

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..Pharmacologic or genetic approaches targeting Mcl-1, including therapeutic RNAi, may increase the effectiveness of these compounds...

..These data clearly establish distinct roles for Bax and Bak in linking the TRAIL death receptor pathway to the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling cascade upon DNA damage by IR...

..Apart from the direct genetic events, these signaling cascades are subject to epigenetic modulations implied by the tumor microenvironment...

..g. in cancer therapy...

..Thus, these data implicate that TBT induces the activation of caspase-9 by a mechanism not involving the formation of the apoptosome...

..Taken together our data clearly show for the first time the functional relevance of Bak for celecoxib-induced apoptosis in Bax-deficient Jurkat T-lymphoma cells...