A Antal

..Here, we tested the effect of tDCS on the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal evoked by coherent visual motion using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...

..This review article focuses on these stimulation methods and summarizes the latest results with regard to the application of these method over the visual areas in healthy subjects and clinical populations...

..Nevertheless, the effectiveness of other types of TBS paradigms should also be tested...

..Since gamma activity is also related to a higher level of information processing, tDCS might be a suitable method to affect higher order cognitive processes...

..The results also raise the possibility of the usefulness of tDCS in rehabilitation strategies for neurological patients with visuomotor disorders...

..This supports the hypothesis that corticostriatal circuits mediate perceptual feature weighting and integration in complex situations requiring categorical judgements...

..Also, stimulation of the primary visual cortex was not effective for this kind of task. Our data suggest that the areas V5 and M1 are involved in the early phase of learning of visuo-motor coordination...

..Consecutive sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) may be a suitable therapy to treat chronic pain, as it can modulate neural activities in the stimulated and interconnected regions...

..Thus, we propose specific measures for cortices of interest: PT for visual experiments and MT for motor experiments...

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..The results of our study underline the principal functional relevance of the BCM rule for the efficacy of visuomotor practice, but imply that also other mechanisms have to be taken into account...

..Additionally, both particularly high and low PTs might predict a subsequent headache in some individuals...

..Up- and down-regulation of different cortical areas by tDCS is likely to open a new branch in the field of visual psychophysics...

..These findings indicate that short-term homeostatic plasticity is altered in patients with visual aura between the attacks...

..Thus we conclude that migraineurs display enhanced visual cortical excitability between attacks in V5...

..Further studies are warranted to incorporate these regions into the current model of the cortical motion processing network...

..Most likely that up- or downregulation of different cortical areas by tDCS will open a new branch in the area of visual psychophysics...

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..Our results show that transcranial direct current stimulation-induced plasticity is highly dependent on the state of the subject during stimulation...

..Here, we aim to extend transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) techniques to transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)...

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..A female patient presented with persistent orofacial pain on the right side for 3 years, attributed to a viral infection. The pain had remained largely pharmacoresistant, reaching a value of 8/10 on the visual analogue scale...

..These results raise the possibility for striatal contributions to visual categorization and may provide a novel protocol for further clinical studies...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be an effective prophylactic therapy for migraine and migraine-associated pain...

..However the effect of modulation significantly depends on the current waveform and direction...

..The MEP amplitude reflects changes in transsynaptic excitability of large pyramidal neurons while the BOLD signal is a measure of net synaptic activity of all cortical neurons...

..Our results show that tDCS elicits a transient, reversible excitability alteration of the visual cortex, thus representing a promising tool for neuroplasticity research...

..Plasticity induced in the human motor cortex by intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) was impaired in individuals expressing the Val66Met polymorphism...

..Our results show that the excitability shifts induced by V1 stimulation can modulate moving phosphene perception. tDCS elicits transient, but yet reversible effects, thus presenting a promising tool for neuroplasticity research...

..The findings are in agreement with the hypothesis emphasizing the importance of neostriatal mechanisms in human categorization functions...

..These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis emphasizing the importance of striatal dopaminergic mechanisms in classification functions...

..Further studies are needed using motor cortex TBS in chronic pain to pave the way towards a therapeutic tool...

..Cathodal stimulation had no significant effect in the patient groups. This result strengthens the notion of deficient inhibitory processes in the cortex of migraineurs, which is selectively revealed by activity-modulating cortical input...

..There was no significant correlation between the CS and the memory disturbances. The results suggest that early visual impairment and higher-level cognitive disturbances are independent in AD...

..This was selective for the prototype stimuli; the categorization of non-prototype dot patterns was spared. The impaired category learning is likely to reflect the damage of modality-specific neocortical areas in Alzheimer's disease...

..In the DT, spatial frequency gratings evoked only a short-duration difference N1 at the frontal sites. Our results suggest that N1 may be related to higher-level categorization processes...

..The primary visual evoked potential (P100) did not distinguish among the IPD, ET, and control subjects. These results suggest that visual ERPs might provide a useful diagnostic method for differentiating IPD from ET...

..The present study also support the view that this method using weak current can be a non-invasive promising tool to induce reversible focal changes in the nervous system...

..For future applications of tDCS, such paradigms may help to achieve more selective tDCS effects...

..These findings suggest that the perceptual learning of categories, but not free classification judgements are impaired in schizophrenia, and that this impairment is not due to pure attentional disturbances...

..When compared with sham stimulation, cTBS resulted in a significantly greater diminution of pain ratings and N2-P2 amplitudes on the hand contralateral to the site of motor cortex stimulation...

..In a separate experiment subjective, pain rating scores of 16 healthy subjects in two perceptual categories (warm sensation, mild pain) were also analyzed...

..These results indicate that sex differences exist within the visual cortex of humans, and may be subject to the influences of modulatory neurotransmitters or gonadal hormones which mirror short-term neuroplastic effects...

..Our work provides an inexpensive noninvasive method to study both early perceptual and late phases of semantic information processing by recording ERPs during the categorization of natural scenes...

..Instead, deficient cortical interactions of rapidly changing environmental signals may be involved...

..In terms of efficacy tRNS appears to possess at least the same therapeutic potential as rTMS/tDCS in diseases such as depression, while furthermore avoiding the constraint of current flow direction sensitivity characteristic of tDCS...

..v) The rotation condition evoked a novel component P180, concomitant with an increased activity in the left middle temporal gyrus...

..The effect of sodium-lactate to slightly improve semantic memory might be based on its positive effect on cardio- and cerebro-vascular function and neuronal metabolism...

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..Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential for repetitive daily stimulation therapy for pain patients...

..Our results suggest that further studies on the facilitation of learning and memory processes by tDCS are warranted...

..The data we provided here draw attention to the careful handling of results obtained from categorization experiments, because different task requirements can affect the early categorization process itself...

..It is relevant for clinical applications for which an ongoing need for further protocol improvement is imminent...

..The present study aimed to determine whether the different phases of the menstrual cycle influence the phosphene thresholds (PT) and resting motor thresholds (RMT) in migraineurs...

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..To evaluate the importance of the distance between stimulation electrodes, in various montages, on the ability to induce sustained cortical excitability changes using transcranial direct and random noise stimulation...

..Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS...

..These results provide evidence that external modulation of neural excitability in human MT+/V5 affects the strength of perceived motion after-effect and support the involvement of MT+/V5 in motion adaptation processes...

..The authors examined whether tDCS can also prime the cortical response to rTMS in the human visual cortex...

..g. migraine and epilepsy...

..Furthermore, imTBS produced responses similar to those observed by other forms of TBS induced excitability changes in the SI...

..In contrast, the after-effects of tDCS are due to shifts in intracortical inhibition and facilitation, and at least partly also to facilitatory I-wave interaction, which is controlled by synaptic activity...

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..These results indicate that the aftereffects of tDCS are dependent upon the order of stimulation applied, and also demonstrate the prolongation of tDCS aftereffects when combined with the administration of CNS active drugs...

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..TRNS also provides a qualitatively new way of producing and interfering with brain plasticity, although, further research is required to optimise stimulation parameters and efficacy...

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..We found no significant difference between the patients and controls either before or after light therapy. These results raise the possibility that light therapy induces retinal sensitization in seasonal affective disorder...

..These results suggest that the hypodopaminergic state induced by antipsychotic medication may produce parkinsonian visual impairments in schizophrenia patients...

..Our results suggest that tDCS applied to motor and non-motor areas according to the present tDCS safety guidelines, is associated with relatively minor adverse effects in healthy humans and patients with varying neurological disorders...

..Furthermore, this effect depends on the stimulation polarity and is specific to the site of stimulation. This result may be helpful to develop future interventions aiming at clinical benefits...

..These findings suggest that face adaptation effects are only partially translation invariant and facial after-effects measured with peripheral test stimuli primarily reflect the adaptation processes in the contralateral hemisphere...

..Our findings suggest that shape-selective adaptation is a general mechanism of visual object processing and its neural effects are primarily reflected in the N170 component of the ERP responses...