Mechanisms for abnormal postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetesHans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290:E67-E77. 2006
..g., liver and muscle) into other tissues...
- Postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease
John E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York, USA
Endocr Pract 12:47-51. 2006
..CONCLUSION: Postprandial hyperglycemia should be considered a cardiovascular risk factor similar to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking; accordingly, it should be monitored and treated...
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors
John E Gerich
Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
Clin Cornerstone 8:53-68. 2007
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Development of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJohn E Gerich
University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 4:669-83. 2011
..Unexpected numerical imbalances between dapagliflozin and comparator were noted for breast and bladder cancers. The potential for increased cancer risk with dapagliflozin needs to be further assessed...
- Hepatorenal glucose reciprocity in physiologic and pathologic conditions
J E Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Diabetes Nutr Metab 15:298-302; discussion 302-3. 2002
- Redefining the clinical management of type 2 diabetes: matching therapy to pathophysiology
J E Gerich
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Eur J Clin Invest 32:46-53. 2002
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- Role of the kidney in normal glucose homeostasis and in the hyperglycaemia of diabetes mellitus: therapeutic implications
J E Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Diabet Med 27:136-42. 2010
..Specific SGLT2 inhibitors are being developed as a novel means of controlling hyperglycaemia in T2DM...
- Is reduced first-phase insulin release the earliest detectable abnormality in individuals destined to develop type 2 diabetes?
John E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
Diabetes 51:S117-21. 2002
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- The rationale for paired pre- and postprandial self-monitoring of blood glucose: the role of glycemic variability in micro- and macrovascular risk
John E Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Curr Med Res Opin 23:1791-8. 2007
..Recent studies suggest that newer therapies specifically targeting postprandial hyperglycemia can significantly reduce postprandial glucose levels and improve overall glycemic control...
- The importance of tight glycemic control
John E Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Am J Med 118:7S-11S. 2005
..Meal-related self-monitoring of blood glucose can inform patients and their healthcare providers about postprandial glycemic excursions so that diet, exercise, or medications can be adjusted...
- Insulin glargine: long-acting basal insulin analog for improved metabolic control
John E Gerich
School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box MED CRC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Curr Med Res Opin 20:31-7. 2004
..This review describes the unique pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy of insulin glargine...
- Is insulin resistance the principal cause of type 2 diabetes?
J E Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642, USA
Diabetes Obes Metab 1:257-63. 1999
..Furthermore, it is not known whether pharmacologic agents which improve insulin sensitivity have similar effects...
- Renal gluconeogenesis: its importance in human glucose homeostasis
J E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Diabetes Care 24:382-91. 2001
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- Clinicians can help their patients control postprandial hyperglycemia as a means of reducing cardiovascular risk
John E Gerich
General Clinical Research Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box MED CRC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Diabetes Educ 32:513-4, 520-2. 2006
..Case studies are presented to aid clinicians in helping patients learn how to measure and control their postprandial glucose levels...
- Relative importance of liver, kidney, and substrates in epinephrine-induced increased gluconeogenesis in humans
Christian Meyer
Department of Medicine, University of Roichester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E819-26. 2003
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- Exogenous insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes reverses excessive hepatic glucose release, but not excessive renal glucose release and impaired free fatty acid clearance
Hans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
Metabolism 51:1494-500. 2002
..04) and was similar to DM(-) (7.3 +/- 0.5 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), P >.9). We conclude that in contrast to the excessive HGR, excessive RGR and impaired FFA clearance are not corrected by acute exogenous insulin replacement...
- Glimepiride improves both first and second phases of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes
Mary Korytkowski
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Diabetes Care 25:1607-11. 2002
..The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of glimepiride on insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes...
- Pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
J E Gerich
University of Rochester, Medical Center, New York, USA
Horm Metab Res 28:404-12. 1996
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- DPP-4 inhibitors: what may be the clinical differentiators?
John Gerich
University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 90:131-40. 2010
..This review offers an overview of DPP-4 inhibitors in T2DM and suggests some characteristics that may provide clinically relevant differentiators within this class...
- PRESERVE-beta: two-year efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with nateglinide or glyburide plus metformin
John Gerich
General Clinical Research Center, University of Rochester, New York, USA
Diabetes Care 28:2093-9. 2005
..CONCLUSIONS: Similar good glycemic control can be maintained for 2 years with either treatment regimen, but nateglinide/metformin may represent a safer approach to initial combination therapy...
- Renal substrate exchange and gluconeogenesis in normal postabsorptive humans
Christian Meyer
Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E428-34. 2002
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- Fluctuation of serum basal insulin levels following single and multiple dosing of insulin glargine
John Gerich
University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
Diabetes Technol Ther 8:237-43. 2006
..This lower fluctuation of glargine over NPH or ultralente can help to reduce hyper- or hypoglycemia risks associated with insulin therapy and accordingly encourage achievement of better blood glucose control...
- Matching treatment to pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes
J E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642, USA
Clin Ther 23:646-59; discussion 645. 2001
..CONCLUSIONS: Current research suggests that early aggressive treatment with combination therapy achieves glycemic control at lower doses and with fewer side effects than monotherapy with either component...
- Effects of pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial levels of lipid and hemostatic variables in overweight non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease
H Mieszczanska
Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
J Thromb Haemost 5:942-9. 2007
..To evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on insulin sensitivity and levels of biomarkers associated with thrombotic risk in overweight and obese, non-diabetic subjects with coronary artery disease...
- Disturbances in beta-cell function in impaired fasting glycemia
Timon W van Haeften
Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Diabetes 51:S265-70. 2002
..05). We conclude that the early stages of glucose intolerance are associated with disturbances in beta-cell function, while insulin resistance is seen more markedly in later stages...
- Pathways for glucose disposal after meal ingestion in humans
Hans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E716-25. 2003
..The majority of glycogen is formed via the direct pathway ( approximately 73%)...
- Novel insulins: expanding options in diabetes management
John E Gerich
Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Am J Med 113:308-16. 2002
..Other long-acting analogs, such as fatty acid acylated insulins, have been tested in animal models and are being evaluated in clinical studies...
- Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels
Hans J Woerle
Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Research Unit CRU, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Grosshadern Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 77:280-5. 2007
..Cross-sectional studies suggest that attainment of HbA1c goals requires specific targeting of postprandial hyperglycemia...
- The role of alpha-cell dysregulation in fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and therapeutic implications
Beth Elaine Dunning
PharmaWrite, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
Endocr Rev 28:253-83. 2007
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- Role of human liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle in postprandial glucose homeostasis
Christian Meyer
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E419-27. 2002
..We postulate that increases in postprandial renal glucose release may play a role in facilitating efficient liver glycogen repletion by permitting substantial suppression of hepatic glucose release...
- Abnormal renal, hepatic, and muscle glucose metabolism following glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetes
Christian Meyer
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E1049-56. 2004
..The latter may provide an explanation for the renal glycogen accumulation characteristic of diabetes mellitus as well as a mechanism by which hyperglycemia may lead to diabetic nephropathy...
- Effect of aging on glucose homeostasis: accelerated deterioration of beta-cell function in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance
Ervin Szoke
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
Diabetes Care 31:539-43. 2008
..To examine the effect of aging on insulin secretion (first- and second-phase insulin release) and insulin sensitivity in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)...
- Autoregulation of endogenous glucose production during hyperglucagonemia
Ingrid Toft
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms, Norway
Metabolism 51:1128-34. 2002
..5 +/- 0.6 versus 11.6 +/- 0.6 micromol/kg/min (P =.19). We conclude that in normal volunteers, neither hyperglucagonemia nor the combination of hyperglucagonemia and increased substrate availability alters the autoregulation of EGP...
- Effects of glimepiride and glyburide on glucose counterregulation and recovery from hypoglycemia
Ervin Szoke
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Metabolism 55:78-83. 2006
..This differential effect on insulin secretion may be an important factor in explaining why glyburide causes severe hypoglycemia more frequently than glimepiride...
- Increasing the decrement in insulin secretion improves glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in advanced type 2 diabetes
Zarmen Israelian
Department of Endocrinology, Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
Diabetes Care 28:2691-6. 2005
..These findings further support the concept that the impaired counterregulatory glucagon responses in advanced beta-cell failure may at least partially be due to a reduced decrement in insulin secretion...
- Renal compensation for impaired hepatic glucose release during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: further evidence for hepatorenal reciprocity
Hans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Diabetes 52:1386-92. 2003
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- Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of relationships between fasting, 2-hour postchallenge plasma glucose and hemoglobin a1c values
Hans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Arch Intern Med 164:1627-32. 2004
..11 mmol/L) is too high and that attempts to lower HbA1c in these individuals will require treatment preferentially directed at lowering postprandial glucose levels...
- Contributions of insulin-resistance and insulin-secretory defects to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
John E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Mayo Clin Proc 78:447-56. 2003
..Therefore, clinicians managing type 2 diabetes must reduce insulin resistance and augment and/or replace beta-cell function...
- Role of the decrement in intraislet insulin for the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in humans
Niyaz R Gosmanov
Carl T Hayden VA Medical Center, 650 E Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
Diabetes Care 28:1124-31. 2005
..However, in humans this role of decreased intraislet insulin is still unclear...
- Role of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ervin Szoke
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Compr Ther 31:106-12. 2005
..Targeting both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion is therefore appropriate to prevent T2DM and to improve glycemic control in those with the disorder...
- Use of inhaled insulin in a basal/bolus insulin regimen in type 1 diabetic subjects: a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial
Jay S Skyler
University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Diabetes Care 28:1630-5. 2005
..We investigated whether a basal/bolus insulin regimen involving rapid-acting, dry powder, inhaled insulin could provide glycemic control comparable with a basal/bolus subcutaneous regimen...
- Mechanisms for the deterioration in glucose tolerance associated with HIV protease inhibitor regimens
Hans J Woerle
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
Diabetes 52:918-25. 2003
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- Role of the kidney in hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes
Christian Meyer
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box MED/CRC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
Curr Diab Rep 2:237-41. 2002
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- Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia
John E Gerich
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Arch Intern Med 163:1306-16. 2003
..This review summarizes epidemiologic and experimental studies linking postprandial hyperglycemia to cardiovascular disease and therapeutic approaches available and in development to treat this disorder...
Advances in diabetes for the millennium: understanding insulin resistanceJohn E Gerich
Clinical Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
MedGenMed 6:11. 2004
..Therefore, agents that improve beta-cell function (such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides) and insulin sensitizers (such as metformin and thiazolidinediones) both are useful alone or in combination for treating type 2 diabetes...
- Multiple defects in counterregulation of hypoglycemia in modestly advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus
Zarmen Israelian
Department of Endocrinology, Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85012, and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642, USA
Metabolism 55:593-8. 2006
..These include delayed and reduced decreases in insulin secretion, and impaired increases of plasma glucagon and growth hormone...
