Florence Tremollieres

..Whether this bone impact is also dependent on the dose of ethinyl-estradiol has not been fully elucidated. To date epidemiological studies did not report association between use of combined oral contraceptive and the risk of fracture...

..In addition, it is mostly beyond this age that the question of the prevention of hip fracture has to be considered...

....

..Use of bisphosphonate or strontium ranelate should be thus reserved at a more advanced age, when the prevention of hip fracture becomes mandatory...

..Interestingly, all of these factors are modulated by estrogens. It could thus be hypothesized that the intensity of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency could be also the common pathogenic factor between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis...

..In this population, the FRAX tool, like other risk scores combining CRFs to either BMD or FRAX, had a poor sensitivity for fracture prediction and did not significantly improve the discriminatory value of hip BMD alone...

..The better understanding of the underlying determinants of pelvic floor disorders with a special focus on genetic factors may offer new therapeutic strategies, in addition to or replacement of surgical procedures...

..To evaluate FRAX 10-year fracture probabilities depending on the recommended management strategy in early postmenopausal women who were untreated at baseline...

..Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious cardiovascular event whose incidence rises with increasing age...

..1-year period of time, we observed no association between bone mineral density measured at the beginning of menopause and the subsequent risk of breast cancer...

..The issue of assessing their risk of fracture several years after cessation of treatment thus needs to be addressed...

..Also, its lack of reimbursement in women with no prior fragility fracture must be taken into account...

..Combined with densitometric measurements, they may permit the assessment of the level of bone remodeling and hence estimate bone loss, which is one of the determinant factors of fracture risk...

..The bone impact of progestin only pills that have a strong antigonadotrophinic activity is not currently evaluated although there is some concern about increased bone loss in case of oestrogen deficiency period of long duration...

....

..The aim of this study was to examine the association between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and coronary heart diseases (CHD) risk factors in a large population of peri- and postmenopausal women...

..Its safety on gynecological level privileges its use in all women exhibiting benign breast or uterine pathologies at the origin of poor tolerance to HRT...

....

..Finally, we will analyze the possibilities to uncouple some beneficial from other undesirable actions following the partial/selective activation of estrogen receptors...

..In the present review, we attempted to summarize recent advances provided by the in vivo molecular 'dissection' of ERα, allowing the uncoupling of some of its actions and potentially paving the way to optimized selective ER modulators...

..Our results uncover a previously unappreciated role for estrogens in regulating the innate functions of pDCs, which may account for sex-based differences in autoimmune and infectious diseases...

..Therefore, aromatase activity is a major determinant of estrogen activity in postmenopausal women. Studies are beginning to shed light on the mechanisms by which aromatase activity influences bone remodeling...

....

..There is also evidence for a thrombogenic effect of oral estrogens. An understanding of the deleterious and beneficial effects of estrogens is thus required...