K Ritchie

..In the absence of a specific treatment for dementia, the effective management of cognitive symptoms is a clinical priority...

..While fundamental research works towards new biological treatment strategies, much remains to be done in the area of disease management and the development of appropriate models of long-term care...

..To examine the association between caffeine intake, cognitive decline, and incident dementia in a community-based sample of subjects aged 65 years and over...

..Our results indicate that transcriptional modulation and post-transductional modifications in normal ageing and in aged-related diseases may explain in part discrepancies between gene analysis and protein characterisation...

..To examine risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression to dementia in a prospective community-based study of subjects aged 65 years and over...

..To examine the association between hormone therapy (HT) and cognitive performance or dementia, focusing on the duration and type of treatment used, as well as the timing of initiation of HT in relation to the menopause...

..However, the causal relationship between stress and subsequent cognitive impairment remains unclear, notably because of the small number of gender-stratified prospective studies...

..2). CONCLUSION: MCI criteria perform poorly when applied to a representative population sample. The authors propose modifications to current diagnostic criteria to increase their capacity to detect incipient dementia...

..Nearly half of cases go unnoticed and among those that are recognised, many do not receive adequate treatment. In France, there is limited research concerning the prevalence, detection and management of these conditions in primary care...

..The possibility that these associations may be driven by other proxies of CR was also examined...

..The clinical consequences of these changes were not, however, evaluated prior to the implementation of these changes...

..High pre-morbid levels of ability are seen to have a protective effect. A diagnosis of dementia should not therefore be required by persons with cognitive impairment applying for home help...

..No study has, however, explored the question of whether persons suffering from CAD might also be at high risk of suicide attempts...

..To evaluate plasma lipid levels in elderly women in the general population as a function of use of lipid-lowering agents (LLA) and hormone therapy (HT)...

..To estimate the percentage reduction in incidence of dementia that would be obtained if specific risk factors were eliminated...

..These results are consistent with a possible long-term neuroprotective effect of dietary fibre, n-3 polyunsaturated fats and B-group vitamins, and support dietary intervention to prevent cognitive decline...

..It may be potentially feasible for the family practitioner to verify cognitive complaints and to screen for MCI with a high degree of accuracy using a brief test battery derived from empirical observations in population studies...

..Rates of current phobia and suicidal ideation in the very elderly are also high compared with other studies. The rates reported are likely to be underestimates...

..This lipid abnormality may further contribute to the progression of AD...

..A number of questions remain to be explored ; the effect of the age of the child when the parent becomes depressed, the differential impact according to the child's sex, and the effect of duration of exposure...

..However, few studies have investigated these associations in the elderly. Moreover, vascular factors may be involved in dementia. Data on the relationship between hemostatic biomarkers and dementia remain scarce...

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..Few studies have considered the influence of life-time estrogen exposure which may have an independent effect on cognition and/or modulate treatment response...

..Arterial mechanical properties are of growing interest in the understanding of cardiovascular disease development. We aimed to determine the predictive value of carotid wall mechanics on coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Three-City study...

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..To prospectively assess the association between disability and incident fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in older adults free of cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..The significant relationship observed between caffeine intake in women and lower cognitive decline is highly likely to be a true causal relationship and not a spurious association...

..Aim of the Study: Our objective was to examine the association between olive oil use, cognitive deficit and cognitive decline in a large elderly population...

..This study retrospectively identifies cases of MCI and determines baseline criteria giving the highest discriminability. The ability of these criteria to increase current case detection specificity is estimated...

..We therefore estimated the risk of mortality for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in community-dwelling elderly participating in the Three City Study...

..Lipids appear to mediate depressive vulnerability in the elderly; however, sex differences and genetic vulnerability have not been taken into account in previous prospective studies...

..This review aimed to examine evidence for the role of hormonal changes in the onset and course of depressive symptomatology and to assess the possible future role of hormonal therapies in the treatment of depression...

..Clinical studies suggest that childhood maltreatment may cause nervous system changes and consequent cognitive disorder. The persistence of this association in late-life is examined...

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..Fluctuating hormone levels are known to influence a woman's mood and well-being. This study aimed to determine whether lifetime hormonal markers are associated with late-life depression symptoms among elderly community-dwelling women...

..Current criteria perform poorly within the general population setting. Revisions have been proposed based on results obtained from clinical and epidemiological studies...

..Our objectives were 1) to examine the association of MetS with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a French elderly community-dweller cohort and 2) to determine the main components driving these associations...

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..We have investigated the frequency of the MetS and its association with the carotid artery structure in an elderly free-living population...

..Little is known, however, about the persistence of this vulnerability across the life span, although clinical studies of adult populations suggest that gene-environment interaction may diminish with aging...

..To assess the association between systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in community-dwelling elderly people...

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..9% and 9.4%. We discuss the major problems limiting the use of these estimations, limits which may differ according to the area of application, be it etiological research or care provision...

..The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the statistical approach used in a previous investigation (Toronto study) within a French population to determine the best predictive model for Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..85, 95% CI = 1.09-3.14). These findings raise questions about the validity of national mortality registers in very old persons. Disease-specific causes of death, especially vascular diseases, could be overestimated in this age group...

..Despite the high intake of medications with anticholinergic properties by community-dwelling elderly persons, the effects on cognitive decline and dementia have rarely been evaluated...

..Our study strongly supports the hypothesis of an impairment of lipophilic antioxidant delivery to neuronal cells in AD leading to a tissular antioxidant deficiency which could facilitate oxidative stress...

..Our objective is to evaluate the mental status of primary early breast cancer survivors according to DSM-IV criteria, distinguishing new psychiatric diagnosis, which started after the cancer diagnosis from relapse...

..The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge regarding the relationships between sleep and depression...

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..To measure the impact of the strategies on the incidence of dementia and the social burden of this disease will be an important public health objective in the near future...

..CONCLUSIONS: Management of hypertension, and particularly its control among treated hypertensive patients, needs to be improved in people aged 65 years and over...

..Current evidence based on studies with numerous procedural shortenings supports the notion of the detrimental effect...

..Depression may increase the risk of mortality among certain subgroups of older people, but the part played by antidepressants in this association has not been thoroughly explored...

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..Other definitions and subtypes of mild cognitive impairment need to be studied as potential prodromes of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia...

..Several epidemiological studies have suggested a U-shaped association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk. However, the modifications of vascular structure associated with alcohol consumption are largely unknown...

..The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between depression and cognitive performances by using multiple measures of depressive state...

..This study aimed to examine changes in antidepressant use in an elderly population over a 2-year period and to determine which factors could predict these changes...

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..Doctors should assess current use of anticholinergic drugs in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment before considering administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors...

..In conclusion, there are differences in the reliability of memory reporting across the lifespan, younger subjects being more likely to correctly report good memory than older subjects...

..A multivariate analysis revealed that the lifetime prevalence of manic and hypomanic episodes, snoring and gender (male) were independently associated with EDS. No independent association with other psychiatric disorders was found...

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..Our aim was to test their association with 2 polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene, epsilon and -219G/T...

..Unlike non-disclosure sequential screening ('the Integrated test'), which requires all women to have markers in both trimesters, this allows a large proportion of the women to complete screening in the first trimester...

..The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of tea consumption with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid plaques...

..In the absence of clearer guidelines from researchers in this area, decisions about duration of hospitalisation risk being driven by economic rather than clinical considerations...

..There should be a strong emphasis on the needs of the socio-economically disadvantaged when planning services for hearing-impaired children...

..Little is known about the clinical significance of mild extrapyramidal signs (EPS) in elderly individuals. We investigated whether EPS are associated with functional impairment in older people with cognitive decline...

..The Affective Suffering sub-component had more robust cross-cultural validity than the Motivation sub-component...