Jean Michel Molina

..Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir demonstrated similar antiviral efficacy to twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir over 48 weeks, with less gastrointestinal disturbance and a better lipid profile, in treatment-naive patients...

..The antiviral efficacy of didanosine in patients experiencing virological failure is not well known...

..We assessed a once-daily combination to simplify therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...

..Intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a cause of chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and wasting in immunocompromised patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment...

..Once-daily combination therapy with emtricitabine, didanosine and efavirenz has been highly effective in clinical trials but its long-term efficacy and safety has not been previously reported...

..We compared these two combinations directly in treatment-naive patients...

..49, 0.76, and 0.67 and 0.82, 0.68, and 0.64 for tipranavir and darunavir, respectively. The virologic consequences of these drug interactions have yet to be determined...

..The effect of TDF on liver fibrosis in 148 HIV-HBV-coinfected patients was prospectively evaluated using Fibrometer∆ scores and liver biopsies in a subset of patients...

..Limited data are available on the use of unboosted atazanavir in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients...

..To determine the potential impact of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations, other than those currently known to confer nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) resistance, on the virological response to didanosine (ddl)...

..Ritonavir (RTV)-boosted atazanavir (ATV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF-DF) are promising in highly experienced patients because of their pharmacokinetic profile, activity, safety and resistance properties...

..To assess the sustainable efficacy and safety of a switch from enfuvirtide to raltegravir in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV infection...

..LPV/r QD resulted in virologic response similar to LPV/r BID through 96 weeks in antiretroviral-naive subjects. Adherence was significantly higher in the QD group...

..Little is known about the prognostic factors of acute liver enzyme variations in HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected patients...

..Limited data are available on resistance pattern emerging in patients failing DRV/r and on subsequent remaining protease inhibitor options...

..We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of elvitegravir with raltegravir, another HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, in patients in whom previous antiretroviral treatment failed...

..In vitro, integrase inhibitors reduce proviral DNA levels and rapidly increase 2-long-terminal repeat (LTR) circle levels. We examined the effect of raltegravir on the time course of HIV-1 DNA forms in patients with controlled viremia...

..Incidence and risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients discontinuing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have not been fully investigated...

..The median darunavir seminal plasma concentration was close to the blood plasma free fraction, demonstrating a good penetration of darunavir into the male genital tract...

..The median semen-to-plasma ratio of raltegravir concentration was 1.42 (range, 0.52 to 6.66), indicating good although variable levels of drug penetration of raltegravir in the seminal compartment...

..Our objective was to determine the emergence and evolution of DRAM during LLV in HIV-1-infected patients while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

..once-daily combinations of efavirenz and two nucleoside analogues are recommended for the treatment of HIV infection. Long-term efficacy and safety data are scarce for the combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine and didanosine...

..We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rilpivirine versus efavirenz, each combined with tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate and emtricitabine...

..To examine the efficacy and safety of the selected darunavir/r dose further, additional patients were analyzed...

..Preliminary results from these small pilot studies suggest that once-daily administration of antiretrovirals is a feasible approach. Large comparative trials are needed before the real benefits of such a strategy can be fully assessed...

..Characteristics and factors influencing viral decay under tenofovir (TDF) and adefovir (ADV) need to be determined in HIV-HBV-coinfected patients...

..In conclusion, this real-time PCR assay is a reliable tool for quantitation of E. bieneusi DNA in stool specimens and for the monitoring of treatment efficacy...

..02, 95% CI = 1.03-97.42 for HBV-HCV-HDV, compared to OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 0.50-6.17 for HBV alone]. Co-treatment of other multiple viral hepatitis infections should also be taken into consideration, especially in the case of chronic HDV...

..We report a case of underquantification of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from an HIV-1 subtype G-infected woman, leading to delayed diagnosis of HIV encephalitis and to the emergence of drug resistance...

..The NNRTI + protease inhibitor strategy should not be recommended as an antiretroviral first-line regimen, particularly in patients with high viral load at baseline...

..We investigated the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotypic susceptibility to didanosine and the antiviral activity of didanosine (ddI) in the JAGUAR study...

..118 and 3837 vs. 2241 ng/ml) and darunavir area under the curve (AUC(12h)) (50 083 vs. 36 277 ng h/ml). All pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be highly variable regardless to the addition of etravirine...

..Recently, cases of chronic hepatitis E have been identified in immunocompromised patients...

..HIV-infected patients with a history of AIDS or low CD4 cell counts have impaired VZV-specific CMI responses, and remain at risk for herpes zoster...

..CD4 T cell responses specific to the diphtheria-derived carrier protein CRM(197) were evaluated...

..This report describes a patient co-infected with HCV genotype 2 and HIV who discontinued HCV therapy after 6 weeks because of adverse events and had a sustained virologic response...

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..Although severe renal toxicity due to tenofovir is rare, patients receiving tenofovir must be monitored closely for renal dysfunction especially during the first weeks of tenofovir therapy...

..parvum in six patients, and Isospora belli in three patients. All E. bieneusi isolates tested belonged to the same genotype. The prevalence of opportunistic protozoa among patients with CD4 cell counts less than 50/mm(3) was 32%...

..intestinalis DNA in blood and serum. We conclude that real-time PCR is a valuable tool for quantitation of E. intestinalis burden in clinical specimens...

..However, it is unclear whether patients tolerating long-term zidovudine-containing regimens will benefit from a switch to non-zidovudine-containing regimens...

..Clinical and virologic relapses with increased blood human herpesvirus-8 DNA levels occurred in both patients 4 and 24 weeks later and were associated with a worsening of Kaposi sarcoma...

..The number of international trips undertaken by French citizens is rising and we wished to assess the appropriateness of advices given to travelers in a vaccine and travel medicine center in France...

..A new version of the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 assay (CA/CTM v2.0) has been introduced to overcome the underquantification observed with the first version...

..We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label trial to compare the antiviral efficacy and safety of a switch to raltegravir with the efficacy and safety of continuing enfuvirtide...

..Several HIV rapid tests are now licensed in Europe but their sensitivity on total blood and/or oral fluid in routine healthcare settings is not known...

..This article reviews the presently available data on darunavir, its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and clinical trial results, as well as examining darunavir from a health economic perspective...

..Physicians in charge of HIV-infected patients originating from countries endemic for leprosy should be aware of this risk of leprosy-associated IRIS when starting HAART...

..The prognosis is poor, with reported median survival time shorter than 6 months. To date, no prognostic factor has been identified in this subset of lymphoma...

..This case illustrates another cause of acute kidney disease in very immunosuppressed patients with AIDS, probably underdiagnosed...

..The now available combination of emtricitabine with tenofovir in the same pill makes it a very attractive backbone combination to use in conjunction with other antiretroviral drugs...

..Mean ratios of saliva/plasma concentration were 3% (±4%) and 86.9% (±124%) for TFV and FTC, respectively. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) should be used in combination with FTC to prevent oral acquisition of HIV...

..Risk factors, clinical outcome and treatment of Actinobacillus ureae infections are discussed. Actinobacillus ureae may behave as an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients...

..To study the kinetics and identify factors associated with Toxoplasma-specific immune responses in patients with AIDS starting antiretroviral therapy...

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..The aim of this virological sub-study of the ANRS 139 TRIO trial was to assess: (i) the evolution of HIV-1 DNA over the first year; and (ii) the association between baseline HIV-1 DNA and virological outcome...

..HSV-2 can cause severe meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Early recognition and treatment might improve the outcome of such infections...

..Objectives and..

..No severe influenza infection was observed, but a high frequency of secondary bacterial pneumonia is reported among pneumococcal unvaccinated patients...

..This phase IIb study explored the antiviral activity and safety of the investigational CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist aplaviroc (APL) in antiretroviral-naïve patients harbouring R5- or R5X4-tropic virus...

..Such regimens are likely to improve patient adherence because they are simpler and more convenient than earlier therapeutic regimens...

..Both highly potent antiretroviral drug rescue therapy and treatment interruption have been suggested to be effective in patients with multiple treatment failure...

..Patients receiving tenofovir must be monitored closely for early signs of tubulopathy (glycosuria, acidosis, mild increase in the plasma creatinine level, and proteinuria)...

..intestinalis growth at concentrations that are achievable in vivo and that the real-time quantitative PCR assay that we used is a valuable tool for the in vitro assessment of the activities of drugs against E. intestinalis...

..We describe today a very unusual reaction on intravenous dexchlorpheniramine with this case of aseptic meningitis...

..In conclusion, we developed and validated a genotypic score, taking into account mutations negatively and positively impacting the virologic response to ddI...

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..A new mutation I223R in the neuraminidase (NA) of H1N1pdm09 virus has been reported along with H275Y in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of I223R on oseltamivir and zanamivir susceptibility...

..Clinical observations are of little help to recognise myxovirus infection and implement appropriate prevention measures. The limited use of molecular tools underestimates the role of other common pathogens...

..To assess the etiologies and outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in HIV-infected patients over the first decade of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) use...

..In particular, the extent that previous infection or vaccination by seasonal A/H1N1 viruses can elicit protective immunity against pandemic A/H1N1 is unclear...

..The absence of ART, despite high CD4 counts, and interferon-induced lymphopenia probably triggered the occurrence of KS in this patient...

..aeruginosa rates and antibiotic consumption after implementation of an institution-wide programme to reduce fluoroquinolone use...

..All published case reports of IRIS revealed by acute renal failure in HIV-infected patients are also reviewed...

..The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 11 biochemical scores to estimate liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co-infection...

..Interleukin (IL)-2 increases CD4 T cell counts when combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Whether IL-2 alone can increase CD4 cell counts is unknown...

..Risk factors for dAdV in unrelated HSCT recipients were previous Fanconi disease (p=0.03) and GVHD (p=0.02) in children, and cord blood source of stem cells (p=0.029) and GVHD (0.024) in adults...

..CONCLUSIONS: Injections of PLA improved patients' self-perception of facial lipoatrophy, with a good safety profile. The benefit of the procedure, however, decreased with time...

..Surfanios and benzalkonium chloride, disinfectants currently used in the hospital, were remarkably efficient in destroying spore viability and infectivity...

..We aimed here to study drug-associated HIV resistance mutations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma during intermittent therapy...

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..CC chemokine receptor 5 antagonists are a new class of antiretroviral agents...

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..This study was designed to establish the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*5701 screening to prevent the hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir...

..The potential for loss of information might yield differential misclassification biases and therefore unreliable results. Longitudinal models are better suited to analyze the repeated measures of a continuous outcome such as HIV RNA...

..In these situations the new antiviral drugs with novel mechanisms of action, such as the entrance inhibitors, are clearly of interest...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on body fat of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing regimens compared with NRTI-containing therapy in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral (ARV)-naive patients...

..Whether the use of EFV is associated with the risk of depression or suicide remains controversial...

..005). CONCLUSION: Once-daily emtricitabine appeared to demonstrate greater virological efficacy, durability of response, and tolerability compared with twice-daily stavudine when used with once-daily didanosine and efavirenz...

..Both regimens were relatively well tolerated, and no LPV or TDF resistance was observed...

..Furthermore, a low mtDNA level at month 12 was associated with the subsequent development of lipodystrophy. This marker may be of value for the early prevention of lipodystrophy in treated HIV-infected patients...

..4; P=.007). No difference was observed in cholesterol and glucose levels as a function of any pattern of antiretroviral exposure. Exposure to stavudine and didanosine was associated with LD syndrome (predominantly lipoatrophy)...

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..To compare non-parametric tests and procedures of selection in building clinically validated genotypic scores...

..To assess the safety of a drug-sparing treatment regimen in patients with high CD4 cell counts and controlled HIV replication under antiretroviral therapy...

..We did a pooled subgroup analysis to update results at week 48 for patients receiving the recommended dose of darunavir-ritonavir compared with those receiving other protease inhibitors (PIs)...

..Enfuvirtide in addition to an OB regimen does not adversely affect and may improve HRQoL when self-administered for up to 24 weeks by treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected individuals...

..Travelers returned from risk areas with symptoms suggestive of malaria, should not have the diagnosis of P. ovale (or P. vivax) infection discounted, despite a history of compliance with a standard chemoprophylactic regimen...