Anne Genevieve Marcelin

....

..The aim of this study was to characterize the mutations selected upon failure on etravirine (ETR)-containing regimen in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-experienced HIV-infected patients and the associated factors...

..In conclusion, ETR was associated with high response rates in NNRTI-experienced patients in combination with other active drugs regardless of the therapeutic class used...

....

..These tests are now widely used in developed countries and are recommended in case of therapeutic failure in treated patients and in case of recent infection in naive patients...

....

..To identify a genotypic score for resistance to saquinavir boosted with ritonavir (SQV/r; 1,000/100 mg twice daily)-based regimens in protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients...

..63 log(10) copies/150,000 cells). Determining the KSHV-DNA level may be useful in diagnosing KSHV-associated disease and for following up patients with KS when the development of MCD or PEL is suspected...

..This result justifies measuring HIV-1 RNA in semen before the ART process and suggests that a residual risk of transmission has to be mentioned to the patients who would like to have unprotected sexual intercourse...

..The aim of the study was to identify a pattern of protease gene mutations associated with the virological response to darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens...

....

..These results suggest that pharmacological enhancement might overcome viral resistance and that there is some benefit in adding the activity of several boosted-PIs to improve the response to a salvage regimen...

..There was no relation between the resistance pathways selected with either APV or ritonavir plasma minimal concentration, but higher APV plasma minimal concentration were associated with a lower rate of resistance mutations selection...

..In both cases, infection was caused by CCR5 viruses and no rapid clinical progression to AIDS after primary infection was observed...

..TPV susceptibility does not seem to be affected by the selection of a DRV resistance mutation...

....

....

..To determine the genetic diversity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease sequences and the presence of mutations linked to antiretroviral (ARV) resistance in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals living in Mali...

..These mutations led to strong impairment of enzymes in vitro in the absence of raltegravir: strand transfer activity was affected, and in some cases 3' processing was also impaired...

..In conclusion, virological response to anti-integrase should be studied carefully, according to the subtype, in clinical trials...

..Moreover, we have evaluated associations between the Gag region sequence and the virological response to Protease Inhibitors (PI)...

..Analyses of proviral HIV-DNA can provide information about the viral reservoir, because integrated DNA reflects both actively and latently infected cells...

..To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of indinavir/ritonavir (IDV/RTV) 400/100 mg twice daily in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral-naive patients...

....

....

..We aimed to analyse HIV-1 tropism using proviral DNA sequencing and the associated factors, in a group of patients on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment with an undetectable viral load in plasma...

..The antiviral efficacy of didanosine in patients experiencing virological failure is not well known...

..This suggests that CCR5 antagonist activity should not be compromised in patients harbouring R5 viruses before starting HAART...

..We determined whether raltegravir retains residual antiretroviral activity in vivo against viruses harbouring raltegravir mutations, and thus whether the drug can contribute to the subsequent regimen...

..However, the transmission of drug-resistant viruses with Y181C in a non-B genetic background has a potential for impact on ETR susceptibility...

..To determine the potential impact of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations, other than those currently known to confer nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) resistance, on the virological response to didanosine (ddl)...

..These data suggest that these compounds have lost all of their in vivo antiviral activity in such cases...

..L74I was strongly associated with T215F, K70R, and V75M/S/T/A mutations and increased with the number of thymidine analog mutations. It seemed to be linked to the use of abacavir or efavirenz...

..These minor species, not detected by standard genotype, may influence PI susceptibility...

..The K65R mutation can emerge even with TAMs or L74V. No obvious impact was shown on the TAMs or other NRTI mutations, although a trend towards emergence of some particular mutations was observed...

..We studied gp41 mutations associated with failing enfuvirtide salvage therapy...

..077). No errors were made by 19% of laboratories in 2002, compared to 42% in 2003. These results show the value of repeated external quality assessments...

..If persistent low viraemia is observed over more than 48 weeks without the emergence of resistance, RAL should never be given as functional monotherapy, as it is associated with a maximal risk of VF and the emergence of RAL resistance...

..Our objectives were to study the impact of 96 weeks of Darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus a triple standard combination on the HIV-1 blood reservoir and factors associated with HIV-1 plasma DNA at baseline in MONOI trial sub-study...

..The aim of this study was to explore resistance pathways preferably used by CRF02_AG viruses compared with subtype B...

..Mutations at position K558 were also associated with the number of thymidine analog mutations (TAMs). These results suggest that these mutations could play a role in NRTI resistance...

..In conclusion, we developed and validated a genotypic score, taking into account mutations negatively and positively impacting the virologic response to ddI...

..To search for genetic factors in the protease and gag regions (NC-p1/TFP-p6/p6pol) involved in selection of darunavir resistance mutations...

..Conversely, a high viral genetic diversity was associated with an undetectable HIV RNA in plasma and low-balanced CPE, which is in favour of an autonomous replication in the central nervous system...

..The NNRTI + protease inhibitor strategy should not be recommended as an antiretroviral first-line regimen, particularly in patients with high viral load at baseline...

..The median darunavir seminal plasma concentration was close to the blood plasma free fraction, demonstrating a good penetration of darunavir into the male genital tract...

....

..Ritonavir (RTV)-boosted atazanavir (ATV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF-DF) are promising in highly experienced patients because of their pharmacokinetic profile, activity, safety and resistance properties...

..Our objective was to determine virological and clinical characteristics associated with virological failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) monotherapy...

....

..The genetic barrier for IN inhibitor resistance was compared between HIV-1 subtype B and HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG, which is highly prevalent in West Africa and becoming more frequent in developed countries...

..We show here that APOBEC3 proteins play a role in the emergence of these drug resistance mutations...

..Virological failures of lopinavir/ritonavir and their effects on the resistance to protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors were evaluated in protease inhibitor-experienced patients...

..To investigate the best conditions of raltegravir use to avoid the selection of resistance mutations in the three main genetic pathways: 148, 155 and 143...

..This highlights the importance of the accessibility of HIV-RNA assays for monitoring treated patients in resource-poor countries to detect early virological failure in order to preserve future therapeutic options...

..Overall, the CA-SP1 cleavage site was highly conserved in PI pre-treated patients and only one patient showed an L231M mutation. The impact of this mutation should be further addressed in vivo...

..This process may play a role in the kinetics of appearance of drug resistance mutations under antiretroviral treatment...

..The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies variant populations in patients who failed to respond to raltegravir treatment...

..At delivery, 26 of 28 women on indinavir-ritonavir had HIV RNA levels of <200 copies/ml. No infant was HIV infected. These data are encouraging for the use of this combination for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV...

..This lack of knowledge has led to contradictory and confusing attitudes to L74I; although this mutation is not listed by the International AIDS Society - USA, it is increasingly included in several resistance algorithms...

..To describe HIV-1 variants circulating in Mali and to estimate the rate of transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in 2006...

..Our preliminary results suggest that rituximab may be effective in controlling Castleman disease in a subset of patients, although it may exacerbate concomitant Kaposi sarcoma...

..To compare the level of HIV-1 residual viremia, defined by a viral load below 50 copies/ml in patients receiving a tenofovir/emtricitabine and nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV)-containing regimen...

..Therapeutic drug monitoring for patients treated by lopinavir-ritonavir would likely be most useful in patients with substantially resistant viruses...

..Long-term and efficient antiretroviral therapy provides continuous benefits both on the immune system and on the HIV reservoirs...

..We report data on 11 patients with neurological symptoms and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viremia contrasting with suppressed plasma HIV RNA during receipt of combined antiretroviral therapy...

..028). Our results suggest that a specific gag CSM might have a role on protease inhibitor susceptibility in an inhibitor-specific manner...

..Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated patients is important from the public health perspective of the spread of resistance and to evaluate the proportion of patients for whom new drugs are needed...

..The V3 loop region was rather polymorphic, and 7.3% of patients showed viruses with combinations of mutations in V3 loop previously described to be involved in maraviroc resistance, a licensed CCR5 antagonist...

....

..We investigated the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotypic susceptibility to didanosine and the antiviral activity of didanosine (ddI) in the JAGUAR study...

..To estimate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients in France...

..Seroprotection, seroconversion, and geometric mean titer ratio of specific antibody titers did not differ between groups. These results suggest that maraviroc does not significantly affect the immune response to this adjuvanted vaccine...

..We found no clone bearing both K65R and L74V substitutions. Moreover, the S68G and V75I mutations are not necessarily linked with K65R, and could thus have their own resistance effect...

..Clinical pregnancy rate for HIV-1 or HCV infertile serodiscordant couples was not significantly different from that for seronegative controls...

..Adefovir dipivoxil (10 mg once-daily) was added to antiretroviral therapy including lamivudine in 35 HIV/HBV co-infected patients...

..Understanding the mechanisms that underlie resistance development to novel drugs is essential to a better clinical management of resistant viruses and to prevent further resistance development and spread...

..NRTIs and PIs were not associated with any semen changes. Nevirapine was associated with a better quality of semen versus efavirenz. It would be of interest to validate, improve and test our penetration score in a prospective study...

....

..The objective of this study was to explore the virological response when combination atazanavir/ritonavir was administered to treatment-naı¨ve patients...

..7% (n=96) in A and B, respectively. These results demonstrate that the new commercial CMV HHV-6, 7, 8 R-gene kit was an efficient and reliable tool for the diagnosis of herpesvirus 6, 7, 8 infections...

..In conclusion, the K70E mutation could be an alternative pathway of TDF resistance, but as the K65R mutation, other NRTI as ABC, ddI, and 3TC could be also associated with the K70E selection...

..A comparison of the position-specific scoring matrices (PSSM) and Geno2pheno algorithms based on the V3 loop gp120 sequences and previously described to be correlated to the R5 or X4 phenotype was carried out...

..In conclusion, although kidney recipients should be aware of the additional risk of KSHV morbidity, KSHV+ recipients should not be systematically excluded from kidney transplantation...

..Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune deficiency defined by defective antibody production. In most series, a small proportion of patients present with opportunistic infections (OIs)...

..The aim of this monocentric study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8-seropositive patients at the time of transplantation and to identify the main clinical events of these HHV-8+ recipients...

..The differences exceeded 0.5 log for about 20% of samples and 1 log for 3%, with higher values always from the Abbott assay in the latter cases...

..To evaluate the benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in association with genotypic resistance testing and expert advice to optimize therapy in multiexperienced patients infected with HIV-1...

....

..To describe the clinical features of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in organ-allograft recipients and to determine the contribution of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) investigations to the management of KS...

..Samples from remote areas are transported under suboptimal conditions. Here we evaluated HIV-1 RNA stability in plasma stored at different temperatures for 1 week...

..It is chiefly seen in HIV patients and is rare in transplant recipients, possibly going unrecognized...

..1 expression. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that immunosuppressive agents such as HC and CsA do not activate the lytic cycle of KSHV and do not modify the cell survival thus promoting cancer progression by a direct cellular effect...