P Pisani

..Our results indicate the potential impact of preventive practices. It is estimated that 20% of all cancer deaths (1 million) could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking. Infectious agents account for a further 16% of deaths...

..In the long-term period however different demographic patterns with long-life expectancy in high-income countries determine a higher prevalence in these areas even for relatively uncommon cancer sites such as the cervix...

..Moreover, in this relatively well-educated population, cultural and logistic barriers to seeking diagnosis and treatment persist and need to be addressed before any screening programme is introduced...

..The presence of several large open-cast coal mines from 1955 close to electricity-generating plants was a particular focus of concern...

..Continuing declines in mortality can be expected in the current decade, as a result of the long-term effects of both mammography screening and increased use of systemic therapy...

..The implications of these patterns for cancer control, and specifically prevention, are discussed. Tobacco smoking and chewing are almost certainly the major preventable causes of cancer today...

..47 (CI 0.24-0.98) when excluding tests within 1 month...

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..However, further investigation is warranted considering the relatively small sample size when subgroup analyses were done and the lack of environmental exposure data other than smoking...

..Most of the international variation is due to exposure to known or suspected risk factors related to lifestyle or environment, and provides a clear challenge to prevention...

..0208). This suggests that the acquisition of TP53 mutations in these glioblastoma subtypes occurs through different mechanisms...

..Local dietary habits, environmental exposures, and genetic susceptibility deserve investigation in this population...

..These aspects may be investigated further in future, as new incident cancers are accrued into the cohort...

..These results suggest that the -77T-->C genotype or another variant in linkage disequilibrium influences the cellular response to DNA damage, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be established...

..75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.81) and that ATM variants may impact on radiation sensitivity...

..The hypothesis that high circulating levels of insulin could be the underlying factor increasing cancer risk has been proposed. Epidemiological studies on markers of hyper-insulinaemia and cancer are reviewed and summarized...

..We found high cross-reactivity between the immune responses to H. pylori and H. bilis antigens. More-specific H. bilis antigens need to be isolated to develop serologic tests suitable for epidemiological studies...