Rayjean J Hung

..These results support an important role of folate in protecting against tobacco-related cancers...

..In particular, further investigation of OGG1, MGMT, and CHEK2 focusing on the genetic regions where the present markers are located or the haplotype blocks tightly linked with these markers might be warranted...

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..Using data from a case-control study of bladder cancer, we showed how to use hierarchical modeling in genetic epidemiologic studies with multiple markers to control overestimation of effects and potential false-positive associations...

..Recommendations for future studies include pooling of individual data to facilitate evaluation of multigenic effects and detailed analysis of effect modification by environmental exposure...

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..We therefore conclude that, of the genetic variation studied, NAT1 gene was the most likely candidate to influence the risk of developing a tobacco-related cancer...

..Obesity is a risk factor for several cancers although appears to have an inverse association with cancers strongly related to tobacco. Studying obesity is difficult due to numerous biases and confounding...

..g. by forcing nearby stem cells to divide before they have repaired their own DNA damage from tobacco smoke). If so, reducing the rate of apoptosis by reducing CHEK2 activity could be protective-although not smoking would be far more so...

..However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphisms play minor roles in lung carcinogenesis...

..While some of these associations are consistent with previous studies, we cannot rule out the possibility of false-positive associations. The positive findings should be explored in another large-scale study on UADT cancers...

..However, a definite conclusion can only be drawn on replication by different studies among individuals who are highly exposed to IR...

..Similarly, the XRCC1 codon 399 polymorphism also had a protective effect on bladder cancer among heavy smokers. The XPD polymorphism was not, however, associated with bladder cancer risk...

..02). These results implicate two variants at 4q21 and 12q24 and further highlight three ADH variants in UADT cancer susceptibility...

..016). The susceptibility region contains two genes, TERT and CLPTM1L, suggesting that one or both may have a role in lung cancer etiology...

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..The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms of genes involved in inflammation in the risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT)...

..To clarify the role of DNA repair genes in lung cancer susceptibility, we conducted a pooled analysis of genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, whose associations have been investigated by at least 3 individual studies...

..26 (95% CI = 1.06-9.95). SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism showed a marginal protective effect. These findings suggest that individual susceptibility to bladder cancer may be modulated by GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms...

..0002 and 0.065, respectively). Both gene effects were independent of each other, implying that multiple ADH genes may be involved in upper aerodigestive cancer etiology...

..Together, this study identifies aberrant DNA methylation patterns in lung cancer and thus exemplifies the mechanism by which environmental factors may interact with key genes involved in tumor suppression and contribute to lung cancer...

..These data provide strong evidence for a substantial protective effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption on lung cancer...

..We illustrate the methods first using simulation, and then on data from a case-control study of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe...

..Our study therefore suggests that the CYP1A1 Ile(462)Val variant allele might play a role in lung carcinogenesis among non-smokers, possibly in combination with the GSTM1 null genotype...

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..To investigate the hypothesis that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) lower lung cancer risk...

..6-50). These results support the notion that lung tumorigenesis proceeds through different molecular mechanisms according to smoking status. In never smokers, accumulation of N-Tyr suggests an etiology involving severe inflammation...

..Such collaborative efforts and integration across disciplines will be essential in contributing to the elucidation of genetic susceptibility to aerodigestive tract cancers...

..2, 0.4). The rarity of neuroblastoma makes this disease particularly challenging to study epidemiologically. We review the methodological limitations of prior research and make suggestions for further areas of study...

..67, 95%CI=1.02-7.02). Bidi smoking seems to have a stronger carcinogenic effect than cigarette smoking: this difference holds no matter which aspect of smoking was considered...

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..Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets...

..38). Consideration of the relatively large number of markers assessed diminishes the significance of these findings; thus, these SNPs should be considered promising candidates for further investigation in other independent populations...

..Finally, extensive EPHX1 metabolizers showed an increased risk as compared with the poor metabolizers...

..Case-only analyses did not detect an interaction between the GSTP1 genotype and smoking status (never/ever). GSTP1 Ile 105Val appears to be associated with a modest increase in the risk of bladder cancer...

..1) in smokers with lower zeaxanthin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show protective effects of carotenoids on bladder cancer. They suggest that bladder cancer may be a preventable disease through nutritional intervention, especially in smokers...