F Bray

..A modified model for NPC tumor development is proposed on the basis of these observations...

..Further investigation of the effectiveness of opportunistic screening is warranted as is the observation of differing risk patterns in young cohorts in countries with relatively similar societal structures...

..In particular, there is a clear urgency to combat the ongoing tobacco epidemic, now prevalent in much of Europe, particularly in the Eastern countries...

..The observations are discussed in the context of the numerous aetiological factors, as well as the impact of screening and advances in treatment and disease management in high-resource settings...

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..The declining mortality trends can also in part be ascribed to improvements in treatment...

..Drawing upon expertise from other European centres and networks, the Comprehensive Cancer Monitoring Programme in Europe project (CaMon) provides a central information resource of the cancer profile in European populations...

..It is imperative that anti-tobacco strategies urgently target women living in the EU, in order to halt their rapidly increasing risk of lung cancer, and prevent unnecessary, premature deaths among future generations of women...

..Our results indicate the potential impact of preventive practices. It is estimated that 20% of all cancer deaths (1 million) could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking. Infectious agents account for a further 16% of deaths...

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..Trends in seminoma and nonseminoma conform to largely the same temporal patterns on this scale, implying that they share important etiologic factors...

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..Although cure rates for such lesions are very good, there is to date no evidence for effectiveness of mass-screening strategies...

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..Most of the international variation is due to exposure to known or suspected risk factors related to lifestyle or environment, and provides a clear challenge to prevention...

..These are discussed, as are the prospects for preventing the disease...

..In the long-term period however different demographic patterns with long-life expectancy in high-income countries determine a higher prevalence in these areas even for relatively uncommon cancer sites such as the cervix...

..The first beneficiaries of therapy in these populations may be those men born--rather than diagnosed--in the era of major breakthrough in testicular cancer care...

..Renewed efforts toward cessation and prevention are mandatory to curb the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to reduce lung cancer rates eventually...

..Overall, there are increases in the numbers of NHL registrations made with a corresponding decrease in HL. In recent history, however, there is a suggestion that the rate of increase is less and stable...

..Our results show that any sensible analysis of time trends must involve procedures for correcting for unspecified and misclassified uterine cancer deaths. The modified data are available at ...

..The increase in mortality observed in the Baltic region and in several Central and Eastern European countries appear to reflect a real increase in risk and requires further monitoring...

..This is attributed to the policy of early detection of stomach cancer, with the inclusion of intramucosal lesions of favorable prognosis and explains why mortality decreased faster than incidence during the period...

..Intrinsic to their interpretation, however, is an understanding of the forces that drive time trends. We explain how and why cancer predictions are made, with examples to illustrate the concepts in practice...

..Although other explanatory factors may be in operation, these trends are consistent with a moderate effect of increased curative treatment of early diagnosed prostate cancer and improved treatment of more advanced disease...

..The findings presented are related to current theories and evidence regarding the determinants of testicular germ cell cancer...

..Screening may have had at least some impact in reducing cervical adenocarcinoma incidence in several countries during the 1990s...

..The current article described some aspects of the evolution of cancer mortality in Colombia and, in particular, highlighted the trends for the most common causes of cancer death in Colombia...

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..We also present trends in incidence and mortality of these cancers in the past, and consider their likely future evolution...

..This paper provides an overview of the incidence, mortality and survival of colorectal cancer in Norway; it discusses known and assumed causality and the prospects for prevention, screening and treatment...

..The same principles as set up for organized programs and new HPV technologies may apply for screening and vaccination as key tools to eliminate cervical cancer in the Nordic countries and globally...