Francoise Clavel-Chapelon

..It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution...

..Here, we report on the results of a large and comprehensive study of the association between genetic variation in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)...

..To examine the association of education with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)...

..We studied the association between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in genes that code for GNRH1 and its receptor (GNRHR) in the large National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (NCI-BPC3)...

..BMI is considered to be one of the measures of choice to evaluate body fatness and there is evidence that body fatness is related with an increased risk of breast cancer (BC)...

..This largely unexplored aspect of breast carcinogenesis might open the way for new prevention approaches...

..Low birth weight is also associated with a higher diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine to what extent the evolution of body shape, from childhood to adulthood, is related to incident diabetes in late adulthood...

..Early exposure to ovarian hormones is considered to increase breast cancer incidence. The age at which the ovaries become functional is thus important...

..A history of spontaneous abortion had no significant effect on the risk of breast cancer diagnosed before or after menopause. Our results suggest that reproductive events have complex effects on the risk of breast cancer...

..There is a need to investigate the type, duration, frequency, and intensity of physical activity that are critical to reduce the risk of breast cancer, and if this relation differs among subgroups of women...

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..Many epidemiological studies have analysed the relation between hormonal replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer. We present here a synthesis of the available results...

..To examine the validity of self-reported values for current anthropometric measurements and factors related to misreporting...

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..We conducted the present study to assess how these CHTs were associated with histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer...

..These findings, which relied on a number of MHT combinations, suggested that such therapies should be used for 5 years or more for reducing risk of fracture after treatment discontinuation...

..46). The premenopausal use of progestagens after the age of 40 years may be preferentially associated with the risk of lobular breast cancer and differentially affect the risk of breast cancer according to the hormone receptor status...

..Micronized progesterone may be preferred to synthetic progestins in short-term HRT. This finding needs further investigation...

..These findings suggest that the choice of the progestagen component in combined HRT is of importance regarding breast cancer risk; it could be preferable to use progesterone or dydrogesterone...

..Insulin response to carbohydrate intake is increased in insulin-resistant states such as obesity...

..Adherence to a diet comprising mostly fruits, vegetables, fish, and olive/sunflower oil, along with avoidance of Western-type foods, may contribute to a substantial reduction in postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..85, 95% CI = 0.53-1.35, p for trend 0.34) were found. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that lipophilic antioxidant micronutrients found in fruits and vegetables protect against breast cancer, at least in postmenopausal women...

..To limit residual confounding in observational studies, dietary factors may be important parameters to be taken into account in analyses of HRT use and health outcomes...

..If height is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, leg length and sitting height are usually considered as better candidate biomarkers of growth hormone exposure than height, respectively, in pre- and postpuberty...

..Caffeine intake has already been associated with high plasma levels of female hormones, but associations have not been clearly demonstrated in epidemiological studies...

..The only prospective study addressing this issue reports an increase in the risk of developing asthma which was similar for oestrogen alone and oestrogen/progestagen treatment...

..06. Our data suggest a complex relationship between MHT use, colorectal tumour risk and screening strategies, which deserves further investigations in other settings...

..The authors investigated associations between colorectal adenoma risk and lifetime anthropometry, in an attempt to better understand the relationships between anthropometric features and colorectal carcinogenesis...

..In conclusion, study findings suggest that obesity and weight gain are associated with early colorectal carcinogenesis in women, and specifically regarding the distal colon...

..The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of dietary macronutrients in the etiology of IBD in a large prospective cohort...

..These findings from a large prospective cohort may suggest a reduced melanoma risk associated with decreased exposure to ovarian hormones...

..042). These results emphasize the need to consider food sources, as well as interactions between fatty acids and with antioxidants, when evaluating associations between PUFA intakes and breast cancer risk...

..Early menarche has been associated with a greater risk of several major chronic diseases. Although largely genetically determined, age at menarche also has been related to environmental and lifestyle factors...

..However, it is difficult in human to disentangle the effect of nutrient intake from that of contributing foods or even nutritional profile...

..Further studies should investigate whether these findings apply to all classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs...

..A high serum level of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, presumably reflecting a high intake of industrially processed foods, is probably one factor contributing to increased risk of invasive breast cancer in women...

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..Although studies restricted to dietary vitamin D intake have provided inconsistent results, little is known about the relationship between pre- and postmenopausal BC and combined intakes from diet, supplements, and sun exposure...

..The effects of the treatments used in France, that are not those widely studied until now, must be evaluated, ideally through a randomized trial...

..The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of hormone therapy (HT) initiation among newly postmenopausal women after the release of the first results from the Women's Health Initiative trial (July 2002)...

..To evaluate the performance of a short dietary questionnaire, using weights to estimate nutrient intake...

..To investigate whether the relation between estrogen-progestagen menopausal hormone therapy (EP-MHT) and breast cancer risk varies according to the delay between menopause onset and treatment initiation...

..The objective of the present study was to analyse risk factors for onset of menopausal symptoms...

..53) when compared with women who were lean at both periods. Our study adds to the existing evidence in relation to excess weight to the risk of thyroid cancer, particularly in women whose body shape increased from menarche to adult age...

..However, there was some evidence that high protein-high acid ash diets were associated with an increased risk of fracture when calcium intake was low (<400 mg/1000 kcal)...

..However, potential risk factors during this time period have received little attention. Our objective was to investigate relationships between childhood and adolescent exposures and the risk of endometriosis...

..It has been extensively shown, mainly in US populations, that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but less is known about the effects of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs)...

..This work should encourage longitudinal studies with hormonal information to examine the underlying biological mechanisms...

..These results are consistent with a possible long-term neuroprotective effect of dietary fibre, n-3 polyunsaturated fats and B-group vitamins, and support dietary intervention to prevent cognitive decline...

..Mothers who had preterm delivery were at an increased risk of IHD [multivariate hazard ratio 2.09 (95% confidence interval 1.07-4.09)]. This association was independent of major cardiovascular risk factors...

..To further investigate this association, we assessed the link between phenotypic traits predisposing to melanoma and the risk of endometriosis...

..Variants at these loci were associated with expression levels of TARDBP, ADO (encoding cysteamine dioxygenase) and EGR2...