Margaret E Buckingham

..Integration of results from genetic tracing into the lineage tree adds a further temporal dimension to this reconstruction of the history of venous myocardium and the arterial pole...

..Few Pax3 target genes have been identified. Identifying genes that lie genetically downstream of Pax3 is therefore an important endeavour in elucidating the myogenic gene regulatory network...

..Technological advances in genetically engineered permanent cell labeling, together with a multiplicity of fluorescent markers and sophisticated imaging, open new possibilities for prospective and retrospective clonal analysis...

..Further insights into myogenic populations that contribute to trunk and limb development at different stages are summarized and the distinct regulatory networks that underlie the formation of head muscles are discussed...

..These results are not consistent with the prespecification of the cardiac tube as a segmented structure. They are discussed in the context of different heart fields and of the evolution of the heart...

..This report provides new insights into the contribution of the SHF to atrial myocardium and the effect of Pitx2c on the formation of the left atrium...

..These results are discussed in terms of the paraxial mesoderm contribution to the aorta and of the mesoangioblast stem cells that derive from it...

..Our results show that the myocardium, from the time of its formation, is a polarized and regionalized tissue and point to the role of oriented clonal cell growth in cardiac chamber morphogenesis...

..This provides insight into how cell fate choices are orchestrated by these lineage genes in the dermomyotome...

..This site binds myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2 factors, principally MEF2D and MEF2A in cardiocyte nuclear extracts. These results are discussed in the context of MEF2 activity and of the regulation of the alpha-cardiac actin locus...

..This study demonstrates the differences in the embryological origin of right and left ventricular myocardium, which has important implications for congenital heart disease...

..Analysis of signaling pathways that impact the SHF, as well as regulatory factors, is beginning to reveal mechanisms that control cardiac progenitor cell behavior...

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..Mutation of the Pax3 site abolishes all expression controlled by the 145-bp sequence in transgenic mouse embryos. We conclude that Pax3 directly regulates Myf5 in the hypaxial somite and its derivatives...

..These results provide new insight into the Pax-initiated regulatory network that modulates stem cell maintenance versus tissue differentiation...

..Importantly, therefore, this promoter-specific activity directed by A17 reflects aspects of the expression profiles of the endogenous Myf5 and Mrf4 genes...

..Together our observations provide insights into the regulation of fetal myogenesis and the mechanisms by which temporally distinct genetic programs are integrated at a single locus...

..Previous studies of hypomorphic and conditional Fgf8 mutants show disrupted outflow tract (OFT) and right ventricle (RV) development, whereas Fgf10 mutants do not have detectable OFT defects...

..We show further alignment of these axes locally in the plane of the heart surface. Our method is generally applicable to other sets of vectors or axes in 3D tissues to map the regions where they show significant alignment...

..Epigenetic mechanisms may therefore be involved in maintaining patterning of the mammalian myocardium...

..We discuss how the characteristics of myocardial cell growth, which we describe, underlie the formation of the heart tube and its subsequent regionalised expansion...

..We propose that failure of normal rotation of OFT myocardium may underlie major forms of congenital heart disease...

..However, in the case of the -111 kb-Myf5 enhancer, Six has less effect and we conclude that Pax regulation plays a major role in controlling this aspect of the Myf5 gene expression at the onset of myogenesis in the embryo...

..Discovery of the anterior heart-forming field has important implications for the interpretation of cardiac defects in mouse mutants and for the study of human congenital heart disease...