Carmen Buchrieser

..This review summarizes what is currently known about regulation of the Legionella life cycle and gives insight in the Legionella-specific features as deduced from genome analysis...

..Furthermore, sequence comparisons among 29 Yersinia strains suggest that Y. pestis is a recently emerged pathogen that is probably entering the initial phase of reductive evolution...

..Then large-scale studies comparing gene content of Listeria and how these studies contributed to typing applications will be discussed. Finally, evolutionary conclusions and future perspectives in Listeria genomics are presented...

..The sequence and its analysis are available at an interactive genome browser at the Institut Pasteur (http://genolist.pasteur.fr/LivaList/)...

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..longbeachae is encapsulated. These species-specific differences may account for the different environmental niches and disease epidemiology of these two Legionella species...

..The ability of strains to multiply in different niches may be determined by the presence or absence of these genes...

..The study highlights for the first time that this lineage contains a specific and conserved set of surface proteins, probably accounting for its high capacity to cause infections in newborns...

..These findings suggest different patterns of interaction with host cells and the environment, key factors for host colonization and survival in the environment...

..coli strain 536 were all identified in E. coli A0 34/86. This comparative analysis underlines the important genome heterogeneity between E. coli strains...

..We suggest that rather RpoS and LetA, by influencing LetE and probably cyclic-di-GMP levels, regulate motility in L. pneumophila...

..pneumophila genome, identified many new ncRNAs and will provide a framework for the understanding of virulence and adaptation properties of L. pneumophila...

..Analysis of a fliA (sigma28) deletion mutant identified genes coregulated with the flagellar regulon, including GGDEF/EAL regulators and factors that promote host cell entry and survival...

..This holds true for Neisseria meningitidis, one of the most feared human bacterial pathogens that causes meningitis and septicemia...

..However, the genomic background also plays a role in disease causation as demonstrated by the identification of a globally distributed epidemic strain exhibiting the genotype of the sequenced L. pneumophila strain Paris...

..pneumophila, the transcriptional host response of the model host Dictyostelium discoideum and will present hypotheses drawn from these data with respect to subversion of host cell functions and virulence of L. pneumophila...

..These results highlight the thin line between bacterial 'virulence' and 'fitness' or 'colonization' factors, and question the definition of enterobacterial virulence factors...

..The genome thus reflects the history and lifestyle of L. pneumophila, a human pathogen of macrophages that coevolved with fresh-water amoebae...

..The PCR test, which constitutes a rapid and practical alternative to laborious classical serotyping, was successfully evaluated with 222 Listeria strains...

..This study reveals that PrfA can act as an activator or a repressor and suggests that PrfA may directly or indirectly activate different sets of genes in association with different sigma factors...

..We show that this approach allows clarifying the genetic basis of the pattern variations. In the reported outbreak, the differences were due to phage excision, showing the power of this technique in epidemiological studies...

..monocytogenes strains...

..Finally, FliA induces expression of flagellar class III and IV genes leading to the complete synthesis of the flagellum...

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..pneumophila are the many secretion systems delivering these and other effectors to the host cell. Recent studies have highlighted the multi-functional role of these factors secreted by L. pneumophila, in host-pathogen interactions...

..Those results suggest that marine Vibrio can be a source of antibiotic resistance genes...

..In conclusion, the macroarray designed for this study offers an attractive and rapid typing method which has the advantage of providing additional information concerning the gene content of the isolate of interest...

..Collectively, these data have shed new light on the virulence strategies of L. pneumophila, a major aspect of which is molecular mimicry...

..Moreover, newly identified insecticidal proteins may be effective alternatives for the control of insect pests...

..Taken together, these results demonstrate that BSH is a novel PrfA-regulated L. monocytogenes virulence factor involved in the intestinal and hepatic phases of listeriosis...

..In this chapter we describe the construction of cDNA libraries for (1) RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) and (2) TSS mapping using the Illumina technology...

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..tuberculosis complex recently presented...

..nov. is proposed for the novel species. The type strain is CIP 109804(T) (=DSM 22097(T) =Allerberger 700284/02(T)). The type strain is avirulent as assessed by cell culture assays and inoculation of mice...

..The purpose of this study was to examine whether the number of terminal repeats (TRs) contained in the fused TR region of HHV8 could be used as a marker of clonality in HHV8-associated tumors...

..Using this strategy, the user works with a group of IPFs independently of the closure phase progression. The IPFs are accessible by a web server and can therefore be modified and commented by different groups...

..Finally, evolutionary aspects regarding the eukaryotic like proteins in Legionella are discussed...

..The presence of 270 L. monocytogenes and 149 L. innocua strain-specific genes (clustered in 100 and 63 islets, respectively) suggests that virulence in Listeria results from multiple gene acquisition and deletion events...

..This approach seems to be less prone to the appearance of secondary mutations during mutant construction as compared to procedures using electroporation...

..In this review, we focus on those effectors in the repertoire of L. pneumophila proteins that target key cellular pathways by specific post-translational modifications...

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..We postulate that the NAIPFull gene duplication might have been evolutionary maintained, or even selected for, because it may confer an advantage to the host against flagellated bacteria...

..All of the residues described for the biochemical functions of the main pacemaker KaiC in Synechococcus elongatus are also conserved in the L. pneumophila KaiC protein...

..bovis lineage separated from the M. tuberculosis lineage. This observation suggests that the common ancestor of the tubercle bacilli resembled M. tuberculosis or M. canettii and could well have been a human pathogen already...

..Emergence of resistance to streptomycin in Y. pestis represents a critical public health problem since this antibiotic is used as the first-line treatment against plague in many countries...

..pneumophila populations, the techniques used to study the molecular epidemiology and evolution of L. pneumophila, the knowledge gained from genome analysis, and discusses future perspectives...

..coli strains and underline the fact that both the acquisition and deletion of DNA elements are important processes involved in the evolution of prokaryotes...

..Compared with other pathogenic streptococci, S. agalactiae shows the unique feature that pathogenicity islands may have an important role in virulence acquisition and in genetic diversity...

..These results suggest that sigma(54) is mainly involved in the control of carbohydrate metabolism in L. monocytogenes via direct regulation of PTS activity, alteration of the pyruvate pool and modulation of carbon catabolite regulation...

..Our findings indicate that LqsR is a novel pleiotropic regulator involved in RpoS- and LetA-controlled interactions of L. pneumophila with phagocytes...

..However, biofilm formation by L. pneumophila wild-type and a DeltapvcA strain was clearly inhibited in iron-rich conditions...

..Expression of the K15 capsule is important for virulence in a murine model of ascending urinary tract infection but not for serum resistance of E. coli strain 536...

..Thus, LqsA and CqsA belong to a family of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent autoinducer synthases, which produce the alpha-hydroxyketone signaling molecules LAI-1 and CAI-1...

..castellanii infection. Although the mechanism by which LadC modulates the initial interaction between the bacterium and host cell remains unclear, we have established that LadC plays an important role in L. pneumophila infection...

..innocua strains altered by horizontal transfer. It is more likely that they are distinct relics of the evolution of L. innocua from an ancestral L. monocytogenes, as postulated by others...

..Accordingly, instead of a common virulence mechanism, different ways exist among ExPEC to cause disease...

..The use of this model organism made it possible to develop a roadmap of host cell factors which significantly contribute to the uptake of L. pneumophila and the establishment of an ER-associated replicative vacuole...

..to understand genome evolution and diversity, as well as physiological aspects of metabolism utilized by the bacteria when growing in diverse and varied environments...

..In agreement with this concept, disruption of the enzyme I- or HPr-encoding genes also strongly inhibited PrfA activity. PrfA activity therefore seems to depend on a fully functional PTS phosphorylation cascade...

..In this review, we focus on the role of mobile genetic elements that may also contain toxin-encoding genes for genome variability and evolution of bacteria...

..A similar plasmid-like element was described in the Lens strain genome, suggesting that the mobility of the lvh region is a phenomenon widespread among Legionella sp...