Philippe Bousso

..These exciting developments further broaden the applications of immunoimaging and provide unprecedented opportunities to probe and decode immune cell communication in situ...

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..Our results support a model in which CD4 help operates rapidly, in part by favoring CD8 T cells recruitment around those DCs that are the most competent for priming...

..That NK cells become activated while remaining motile may constitute an efficient strategy for sampling local concentrations of cytokines around DCs in secondary lymphoid tissues...

..Our results suggest that type I IFNs produced following viral infection simultaneously target accessory cells for IL-15 transpresentation and NK cells themselves and that these two pathways cooperate for NK cell priming...

..As illustrated here, the DISC approach should provide unique opportunities to link immune cell behavior to phenotype and function in vivo...

..In mice and probably humans, we estimate that a minimum of 85 DCs are required to initiate a T-cell response when starting from precursor frequency of 10(-6). Our results have implications for the rational design of DC-based vaccines...

..Our results offer insight into a poorly explored phase of immunity and provide a versatile methodology to study apoptosis during the development or function of a variety of immune cells in vivo...

..Resolving thymocyte behavior at the single-cell level should help to clarify the mode of trafficking in the thymus and identify the spatio-temporal aspects of thymic selection events...

..Taken together, our results identify the cellular behaviors that promote an efficient CD8+ T cell response in the lymph node...

..These results establish the importance of prolonged T cell-DC interactions for efficient CD4(+) T cell activation in vivo...

..In this review we summarize what we have learned so far and point out areas for future investigation using this approach...

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..This Review focuses on how this emerging field is changing our perception of T-cell activation by DCs...

..Altogether, our results offer mechanistic insight into how NK cells and CTLs can exert cytotoxic activity with remarkably different contact dynamics...

..Our results identify SCS macrophages as primary mediators of NK cell activation in response to lymph-borne viral particles suggesting that they act as early sensors of local infection or delivery of viral-based vaccines...

..Thus, complementary signals mediated by recognition of stress ligands and tumor-specific Abs may contribute to the efficacy of NK cells during mAb therapy...

..The ability to visualize when, where, and how tumor cells are killed in vivo offers new perspectives for understanding how immune effectors survey cancer cells and how local tumor microenvironments may subvert immune responses...

..This method should provide new insights into the regulation of lymphocyte migration and cell-cell interactions in various immunological contexts...

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..Intravital two-photon imaging is a powerful tool to study the migration and cell interactions of immune cells such as NK and DC in physiological settings...

..Thus, disparities in the dynamics of T cell contacts with infected cells and local variation in T cell access to infected cells are important elements of the host-pathogen interplay...

..Thus, repeated encounters with Ag-bearing DCs can occur in vivo and modulate CD4 T cell differentiation programs...

..Recent studies have begun to depict the cellular orchestration of T cell priming and to analyze the way it could influence the outcome of T cell responses...

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..Furthermore, we provide a dynamic look at immunological kinapses and synapses in lymph nodes and suggest the existence of distinct patterns of LAT redistribution during antigen recognition...

..These findings indicate that S. flexneri targets T lymphocytes in vivo and highlight the role of type III effector secretion in modulating host adaptive immune responses...

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..We review here our recent understanding of NK cell interactions in vivo at steady state, during inflammation, and during tumor elimination, emphasizing the similarities and differences with T cells...

..Our results thus demonstrate that CD4(+) T cells can exert their protective activity by engaging a minority of infected cells...

..These results demonstrate that a complex microbiota and cognate Ag are required to generate a properly regulated set of RORγt(+) T cells and Th17 cells...

..Thus, the early set of T cell-DC interactions in lymph nodes largely contribute to the heterogeneity of T cell responses through the generation of functionally divergent clonal progenies...