L Groc

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..Thus, the AMPA receptor silence of nascent glutamatergic synapses depends on the synaptic activation history rather than on the nascent state itself...

..Our data reveal a new mode of control of synaptic NMDAR assembly at postnatal hippocampal synapses and an unprecedented role of ECM proteins in regulating glutamate receptor surface diffusion...

..This suggests that the switch in synaptic NMDAR subtypes depends on the regulation of the receptor surface trafficking...

..These results suggest that the early hippocampal activity controls the growth rate but is not necessary for the generation of an adult normal basal dendritic tree...

..Because our knowledge on neurotransmitter receptor surface diffusion is fairly recent, open questions and experimental challenges facing the field are highlighted throughout the review...

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..Furthermore, corticosterone potentiates the increase of synaptic surface GluR2 contents by a chemical long-term potentiation stimulus, revealing the influence that corticosterone has on AMPAR trafficking...

..The apical dendrite, the axons, or the soma grew normally during activity deprivation. Thus, the in vivo neural activity in the neonate hippocampus seems to promote neuronal growth by initiating novel branches...

..Physiological regulation of postsynaptic receptor mobility affects the fidelity of synaptic transmission by shaping the frequency dependence of synaptic responses...

..Thus, although critical for certain aspects of neuronal development, correlated neural activity in the neonatal hippocampus does not seem to promote incorporation of AMPA receptors at pure NMDA synapses...

..These results propose a model in which the Stargazin-PSD-95 interaction plays a key role to trap and transiently stabilize diffusing AMPARs in the postsynaptic density...

..Differences in mobility were mainly detected for extrasynaptic AMPARs, suggesting that receptor diffusion between synaptic and extrasynaptic domains is involved in plasticity processes...

..These findings suggest that the vast majority of nascent glutamatergic synapses express both functional AMPA and NMDA receptors in the neonatal hippocampus...

..These data reveal an unexpected role of the NR2 subunit divalent arrangement in providing specific anchoring within synapses, highlighting the need to study such dynamic interactions in native conditions...

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..The present result thus suggests different mechanisms to govern the maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions...

..We found no significant differences in either behavioral or biochemical pattern, indicating that an early neonate neural activity blockade does not induce behavioral alterations in pre- and post-puberty rats...

..The results suggest that decrease of mobility may be one of the core mechanisms underlying the desensitization of CB1R, the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor in the brain...

..Here we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms involved, with special focus on the potential for therapeutic intervention tailored to the needs of the developing brain...

..Single Nanoparticle Photothermal Tracking has the unique potential to record arbitrary long trajectory of membrane proteins using nonfluorescent nanometer-sized labels...

..Together, these approaches have demonstrated that glutamate receptors diffuse at high rates in the neuronal membrane and suggest a key role for surface diffusion in the regulation of receptor numbers at synapses...

..Thus, local activity restricts GluR1 mobility on a submicron scale, defining an input-specific mechanism for regulating AMPA receptor composition and abundance...

..We focus on new findings that shed light on the regulation of receptor cycling events and surface trafficking and the way that this might reshape our thinking about the specific regulation of receptor accumulation at synapses...

..These results suggest that the Ras-Erk pathway is critical in mediating protection against apoptotic cell death induced by either trophic factor withdrawal or increased oxidative stress...

..However, those treatments did not rescue dopamine neurons from developmental death, suggesting that NO is not involved in vivo in developmental death of these neurons or in the overall development of the SNc...

..This experimental procedure is useful for studying mechanisms underlying protracted death of nigral DA neurons and may provide valuable mechanistic information relevant to understanding the etiology of PD...