C Riekel

..6 A. Progress in X-ray optical systems and instrumentation will enable the method to be extended to smaller beams and smaller crystal volumes...

..The formation of crystalline beta-sheet domains within the fiber is confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering. The assembly process resembles the peptide condensation-ordering model proposed for amyloid cross-beta formation...

..The azimuthal spread of the short-range order fraction was about 86 degrees fwhm...

..By careful dose selection during data collection, raster scans with 500 nm step-resolution could be performed for granules immersed in water...

..Long CO(2) exposure reduces the axial alignment of nanofibrils, presumably due to a partial destruction of the amorphous network...

..The possibilities for in situ studies during stretching, extrusion, or indentation will be discussed...

..A helical model is tentatively proposed to describe this morphology. The central thread has a homogeneous distribution of crystallinity along the macroscopic fibre axis...

..Under natural conditions it is the spider's tarsal claws which might serve to squeeze out the water to improve the mechanical properties of the thread during dragline production...

..It is proposed that this is due to the development of cross-linking in the short-range-order chain fraction...

..Such surfaces represent nearly contact-free sample supports for studies of inorganic and organic solution droplets, which find applications in biochips...

..Increasing calcium concentration causes a decrease in casein micelle diameter while the size of casein mini-micelles increases and micellar calcium phosphate particles remain unchanged...

..This approach has been implemented into a simple and easy-to-use program toolkit for optical calculations based on the Mathematica software package...

..The onset of gelatinization is accompanied by (i) an increase in the average a axis and lamellar periodicity, (ii) the appearance of an equatorial SAXS streak, and (iii) additional short-range order peaks...

..A stitching technique was used to limit radiation damage. Subsequent exposure of the NaOH containing macrodrop to a stream of H2O or HCl microdrops converted part of the Na-cellulose I back into cellulose I...

..The development of a dedicated microgoniometer in the frame of an EMBL/ESRF collaboration has revealed the potential of micro-diffraction for protein crystallography and is a step in the quest for user friendly instrumentation...

..MicroRaman spectroscopy shows the formation of beta-sheet secondary structure in the boundary zone, which is attributed to a shearing effect due to the retraction of the drop boundary upon evaporation...

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..Structural analysis of these amyloid fibrils suggests that perpendicular stacking of beta-strand repeat units is an underlying common feature of amyloid formation...

..This silk I type material shows up to two low-angle peaks suggesting the presence of water molecules that might be intercalated between hydrogen-bonded sheets...

..Differential regulation of gene expression and selective splicing of the mRNA transcript may allow rapid adaptation of silk functional properties to different physical environments...

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..A disordered intermediate phase with variable d-spacing that could be due to a mixture of anhydrous and hydrated beta-chitin layers was also detected...

..Structures of 13 of these microcrystals all reveal steric zippers, but with variations that expand the range of atomic architectures for amyloid-like fibrils and offer an atomic-level hypothesis for the basis of prion strains...

..X-ray diffraction and congo-red staining indicate that post-yield deformation leads to an irreversible alpha-->beta conformational transition in IFs, which leads to plastic deformation, and may be used by cells as a mechanosensory cue...

..The expression pattern of starmaker, along with the presence of the protein on the growing otolith, suggest that the expression levels of starmaker control the shape of the otoliths...

..Concomitantly, a gradual broadening of all X-ray reflections was observed...

..The structure illuminates the stability of amyloid fibrils, their self-seeding characteristic and their tendency to form polymorphic structures...

..The occurrence of these morphological and structural features is tentatively correlated with the mode of growth of these granules...

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..The resulting two-dimensional maps of the local fibre orientations - together with the complex shape of the flow sensing system - may be useful for a better understanding of the mechanical optimization of such tissues...

..The nanotemplate experimental setup was used for drops containing growing lysozyme crystals at three different stages of growth...