Diane Descamps

..LiPA is suitable for detecting mixed populations and easy to implement in clinical laboratories and might be useful for epidemiological surveys of primary HIV-1 resistance...

..To survey the frequency of genotypic antiretroviral resistance and the spread of non-B subtypes in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (2001-2002) and in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients (2001)...

..NOVAVIR was a randomized trial comparing stavudine/lamivudine/indinavir (d4T/3TC/IDV) and zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir (AZT/3TC/IDV) in patients pretreated with AZT, didanosine (ddI) and/or zalcitabine (ddC) but naive for PIs...

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..The aim of the study was to identify a pattern of protease gene mutations associated with the virological response to darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens...

..Patients susceptible to ZDV had lower median mean corpuscular volumes and lower random indinavir levels, suggesting that adherence was the main reason for failure...

..CONCLUSIONS: In patients with advanced resistance, treatment simplification prevented resurgence of wild-type HIV, reduced drug burden, but failed to stabilize progression of the immune deficiency...

..This study examined whether, in the context of a first-line abacavir/lamivudine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen, K65R might occur as a minority population where L74V was detected at virological failure...

..To evaluate the frequency of drug-resistant HIV-1 viral strains from patients presenting with primary infection in 1999-2000 and to survey the molecular epidemiology of these viruses circulating in France...

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..We studied gp41 mutations associated with failing enfuvirtide salvage therapy...

..In these highly thymidine analogue pretreated patients, the selection of thymidine analogue mutations was low suggesting that the pathway to resistance is very different between these two viruses...

..In conclusion, these results suggest that insertions in the p6 region of HIV-1 gag gene may affect the VR, in highly pre-treated patients receiving an unboosted APV-containing regimen...

..This convergent genetic pathway to resistance, associated with lower antiretroviral potency, may explain the high selection rate of these mutations in this trial...

..The new tools we developed will allow identification of HIV-2-infected patients eligible for CCR5 inhibitor use and management of virological failure when receiving a maraviroc-based regimen...

..To assess the genotypic determinants of the virological response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in a multicentre cohort of antiretroviral (ARV)-experienced patients receiving TDF as a part of a salvage therapy...

..Stop codons appeared under successful therapy in 12 patients. Their presence should be assessed in studies with higher statistical power...

..We evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ritonavir-boosted dual protease inhibitor as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing regimen in a prospective open-label randomized pilot trial in antiretroviral-naive patients...

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..After adjusting for age and CD4 cell count, co-infection with GBV-C was not associated with clinical progression (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% CI 0.24-2.56, 16 clinical events)...

..077). No errors were made by 19% of laboratories in 2002, compared to 42% in 2003. These results show the value of repeated external quality assessments...

..In conclusion, in these patients heavily pretreated with AZT, switching from AZT to d4T when initiating indinavir and 3TC did not bring any additional benefit compared to maintaining AZT...

..Resistance to RT inhibitors was more frequent than resistance to PIs in patients with viruses completely resistant to two or three classes of ARV...

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..Little is known in HIV-2 infection about the kinetics of disappearance of raltegravir (RAL)-resistant virus after RAL withdrawal...

..The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of subtype-related polymorphisms previously described as being associated with in vitro resistance to BMS-626529 in patients infected with different HIV-1 'non-B' subtypes...

..These results argue for the low impact of NNRTI resistance mutations on viral fitness and suggest that resistance mutations to different classes of drugs are associated on the same genome, at least in some of the resistant strains...

..Saquinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are potent against wild-type HIV-2 isolates and should be preferred as first-line options for HIV-2-infected patients. Other protease inhibitors are less active against HIV-2 than against HIV-1...

..To develop a stepwise methodology for the development and validation of clinically relevant genotypic score for resistance to antiretroviral drugs and to apply this approach to the genotypic resistance to abacavir...

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..18 [95% CI, 0.48-2.92]; aHR for immunologic failure, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.87-1.32]), suggesting that a low viral rebound while receiving HAART that contains a PI has no significant consequence on midterm clinical outcome...

..Clinical relevance of these phenotypic susceptibility results needs to be evaluated in HIV-2 treated patients...

..The baseline weighted genotypic sensitivity score was associated with VR at month 6. There were strong arguments in favor of using genotypic coreceptor use assays for determining which patients would respond to CCR5 antagonist...

..Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated patients is important from the public health perspective of the spread of resistance and to evaluate the proportion of patients for whom new drugs are needed...

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..To compare the efficacy and safety of a triple nucleoside combination to a protease inhibitor-containing triple regimen as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1-infected patients...

..The aim of this study was to explore resistance pathways preferably used by CRF02_AG viruses compared with subtype B...

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..The aim of our study was to determine whether HIV-1 DNA level before antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with short- and long-term virological and immunological responses...

..118 and 3837 vs. 2241 ng/ml) and darunavir area under the curve (AUC(12h)) (50 083 vs. 36 277 ng h/ml). All pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be highly variable regardless to the addition of etravirine...

..028). Our results suggest that a specific gag CSM might have a role on protease inhibitor susceptibility in an inhibitor-specific manner...

..022). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, resistance assays did not demonstrate benefit over standard of care. In patients with the most limited protease inhibitor experience, a significant benefit was observed in the genotyping arm...

..The new version performed significantly better than the original regarding the detection of subtype B, allowing the detection of 14 out of 36 plasma RNAs in the subtype B-infected patients not detected with the original version...

..The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with persistent low-level viraemia (LLV) in HIV-infected patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy and to assess the virological outcome of these patients...

..We analyzed emergence of resistant viruses at the time of virological failure and investigated the impact of baseline integrase polymorphisms on virological failure occurrence...

..To study the influence of the level of virologic rebound during combination antiretroviral therapy on the time course of the CD4 count...

..The use of CCR5 inhibitors requires a tool to predict human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) tropism, as established in HIV-1. The aim of our study was to identify genotypic determinants of HIV-2 tropism located in the gp105 V3 loop...

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..However, the transmission of drug-resistant viruses with Y181C in a non-B genetic background has a potential for impact on ETR susceptibility...

..To estimate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients in France...

..Thus, despite a 40% difference in integrase genes between HIV-1 and HIV-2, the genetic pathways leading to raltegravir resistance are similar...

..Quantification varied between laboratories, and international standardization of quantification assays is strongly needed...

..It is not known whether markers of inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) may predict disease progression among HIV-2 patients...

..The aim of this study was to characterize the mutations selected upon failure on etravirine (ETR)-containing regimen in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-experienced HIV-infected patients and the associated factors...

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..Further compensatory mutations render viral RC independent of the A431V or I437V mutations while their effect on resistance persists...

..14 log(10), whereas it was 3.1 log(10) for the 16 patients with AIDS (P < 0.01). Proviral DNA was detectable in 18 symptom-free patients with high CD4(+)-cell counts, in whom viral RNA was undetectable...

..J. Med. Virol. 84:1853-1856, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc...

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..03 to 0.70) and 7.0 (range, 1.4 to 145), respectively. At week 24, 2 of 8 and 13 of 14 patients in groups A and B, respectively, had <200 HIV RNA copies/ml of plasma, including 4 of 5 patients infected with APV-resistant viruses...

..Therapeutic drug monitoring for patients treated by lopinavir-ritonavir would likely be most useful in patients with substantially resistant viruses...

..The decrease in PIs plasma concentrations observed when they are combined with nevirapine or efavirenz is reduced when low doses of ritonavir, which strongly inhibits cytochrome P450, are associated with the combination of PI and NNRTI...

..Although K70R has been described as the first mutation to appear in patients receiving ZDV monotherapy, the T215Y/F mutation appeared first in patients receiving dual-nucleoside combination therapy...

..To examine the effect of adherence to therapy on early virological response, later virological failure, and occurrence of adverse events in HIV-infected patients...

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..Determining the clinical significance of these mutation patterns responsible for interalgorithm discordances will improve interalgorithm concordance and the accuracy of genotypic resistance interpretation...

..8-180.3; P<.0001). Patients' previous adherence to therapy and drugs genetic barriers, not only the number of pills or doses involved, should be taken into consideration in the decision to simplify highly active antiretroviral therapy...

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..In HIV-infected patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy, the significance of intermittent viremia and their relationship with drug resistance remain unclear...

..Two distinct mutational patterns were noted. The first pattern involved mutations at codons 41, 210 and 215, while the second involved mutations at codons 67, 70 and 219...

..The methods are discussed and illustrated with data of 2 recent clinical trials. Surprisingly, it was found that the log10 transformation of the HIV-1 RNA reduction was not appropriate in our data...

..The circulation of subtype F1 in Romania has the potential to be a source of this HIV-1 subtype in Europe....

..To avoid the rapid emergence of resistant viruses in this part of central Africa, continuous surveillance of the circulation of drug-resistant viruses must be maintained to guide treatment strategies...

..We applied the different models to data from a clinical trial in HIV-1-infected patients...

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