D Descamps

..The resistance of HIV-1 IN has been confirmed in vitro for mutated enzymes harboring these mutations, but no such confirmation has yet been obtained for HIV-2...

..This study examined whether, in the context of a first-line abacavir/lamivudine highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen, K65R might occur as a minority population where L74V was detected at virological failure...

..077). No errors were made by 19% of laboratories in 2002, compared to 42% in 2003. These results show the value of repeated external quality assessments...

..A major advance from the last year is the access to antiretroviral in resources limited countries. On the other hand, the development of a vaccine is today hypothetic...

..We studied gp41 mutations associated with failing enfuvirtide salvage therapy...

..The aim of the study was to identify a pattern of protease gene mutations associated with the virological response to darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens...

..To estimate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients in France...

..We investigated the in vitro phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 isolates from integrase inhibitor (INI)-naive patients to INIs and its relation to HIV-2 integrase gene polymorphism...

..LiPA is suitable for detecting mixed populations and easy to implement in clinical laboratories and might be useful for epidemiological surveys of primary HIV-1 resistance...

..The study of HIV-1 group O susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs revealed that the viruses tested had specific phenotypic characteristics contrasting with the group M phenotypic expression...

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..CONCLUSIONS: In patients with advanced resistance, treatment simplification prevented resurgence of wild-type HIV, reduced drug burden, but failed to stabilize progression of the immune deficiency...

..We developed clinically relevant genotypic scores for resistance to fosamprenavir/ritonavir in HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients...

..PBMC HIV RNA and HIV DNA levels were very informative markers, complementary to plasma HIV RNA levels. They should be used in future trials evaluating the long-term efficacy of new associations of highly active antiretroviral treatments...

..Proviral load did not correlate with plasma HIV-2 RNA positivity. As HIV-2 is considered to replicate less efficiently than HIV-1, these high proviral loads might be explained by the proliferation of infected cells...

..We evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ritonavir-boosted dual protease inhibitor as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing regimen in a prospective open-label randomized pilot trial in antiretroviral-naive patients...

..To compare the efficacy and safety of a triple nucleoside combination to a protease inhibitor-containing triple regimen as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1-infected patients...

..The baseline weighted genotypic sensitivity score was associated with VR at month 6. There were strong arguments in favor of using genotypic coreceptor use assays for determining which patients would respond to CCR5 antagonist...

..To assess the efficacy and safety of the triple NRTI combination of abacavir (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), and tenofovir (TDF) in a once-daily regimen...

..These populations include viral strains with only some of the resistance mutations initially present, strains that presumably express better fitness under drug-free conditions...

..In conclusion, in these patients heavily pretreated with AZT, switching from AZT to d4T when initiating indinavir and 3TC did not bring any additional benefit compared to maintaining AZT...

..Patients susceptible to ZDV had lower median mean corpuscular volumes and lower random indinavir levels, suggesting that adherence was the main reason for failure...

..To evaluate the frequency of drug-resistant HIV-1 viral strains from patients presenting with primary infection in 1999-2000 and to survey the molecular epidemiology of these viruses circulating in France...

..022). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, resistance assays did not demonstrate benefit over standard of care. In patients with the most limited protease inhibitor experience, a significant benefit was observed in the genotyping arm...

..However, it was not possible to link the substitutions selected under PI selective pressure with virological failure...

..This convergent genetic pathway to resistance, associated with lower antiretroviral potency, may explain the high selection rate of these mutations in this trial...

..To survey the frequency of genotypic antiretroviral resistance and the spread of non-B subtypes in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (2001-2002) and in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients (2001)...

..5 and with COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 assays. Mean values were 4.2 and 2.9 log(10) copies/ml, respectively, showing the lack of agreement between the two assays...

..One hypothesis explaining these results could be the development of the M184V mutation...

..Resistance to RT inhibitors was more frequent than resistance to PIs in patients with viruses completely resistant to two or three classes of ARV...

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..After adjusting for age and CD4 cell count, co-infection with GBV-C was not associated with clinical progression (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% CI 0.24-2.56, 16 clinical events)...

..To assess the genotypic determinants of the virological response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in a multicentre cohort of antiretroviral (ARV)-experienced patients receiving TDF as a part of a salvage therapy...

..In these highly thymidine analogue pretreated patients, the selection of thymidine analogue mutations was low suggesting that the pathway to resistance is very different between these two viruses...

..In conclusion, these results suggest that insertions in the p6 region of HIV-1 gag gene may affect the VR, in highly pre-treated patients receiving an unboosted APV-containing regimen...

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..To develop a stepwise methodology for the development and validation of clinically relevant genotypic score for resistance to antiretroviral drugs and to apply this approach to the genotypic resistance to abacavir...

..Stop codons appeared under successful therapy in 12 patients. Their presence should be assessed in studies with higher statistical power...

..However, the transmission of drug-resistant viruses with Y181C in a non-B genetic background has a potential for impact on ETR susceptibility...

..18 [95% CI, 0.48-2.92]; aHR for immunologic failure, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.87-1.32]), suggesting that a low viral rebound while receiving HAART that contains a PI has no significant consequence on midterm clinical outcome...

..03 to 0.70) and 7.0 (range, 1.4 to 145), respectively. At week 24, 2 of 8 and 13 of 14 patients in groups A and B, respectively, had <200 HIV RNA copies/ml of plasma, including 4 of 5 patients infected with APV-resistant viruses...

..These results argue for the low impact of NNRTI resistance mutations on viral fitness and suggest that resistance mutations to different classes of drugs are associated on the same genome, at least in some of the resistant strains...

..The performance of the new test was significantly improved, and the majority of the underquantitation observed with the first-version test was eliminated...

..Substitutions selected under treatment were observed at positions corresponding to HIV-1 resistance mutations as well as at positions of currently unknown impact on HIV-1...

..NOVAVIR was a randomized trial comparing stavudine/lamivudine/indinavir (d4T/3TC/IDV) and zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir (AZT/3TC/IDV) in patients pretreated with AZT, didanosine (ddI) and/or zalcitabine (ddC) but naive for PIs...

..To study the influence of the level of virologic rebound during combination antiretroviral therapy on the time course of the CD4 count...

..The epidemiological and clinical patterns of the two clones differ drastically. Given the low prevalence of both among all staphylococcal infections, no modification of antibiotic recommendations is required yet...

..In conclusion, the K70E mutation could be an alternative pathway of TDF resistance, but as the K65R mutation, other NRTI as ABC, ddI, and 3TC could be also associated with the K70E selection...

..In conclusion, ETR was associated with high response rates in NNRTI-experienced patients in combination with other active drugs regardless of the therapeutic class used...

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..14 log(10), whereas it was 3.1 log(10) for the 16 patients with AIDS (P < 0.01). Proviral DNA was detectable in 18 symptom-free patients with high CD4(+)-cell counts, in whom viral RNA was undetectable...

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..118 and 3837 vs. 2241 ng/ml) and darunavir area under the curve (AUC(12h)) (50 083 vs. 36 277 ng h/ml). All pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be highly variable regardless to the addition of etravirine...

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..Quantification varied between laboratories, and international standardization of quantification assays is strongly needed...

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..Saquinavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are potent against wild-type HIV-2 isolates and should be preferred as first-line options for HIV-2-infected patients. Other protease inhibitors are less active against HIV-2 than against HIV-1...

..Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated patients is important from the public health perspective of the spread of resistance and to evaluate the proportion of patients for whom new drugs are needed...

..Further compensatory mutations render viral RC independent of the A431V or I437V mutations while their effect on resistance persists...

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..The new version performed significantly better than the original regarding the detection of subtype B, allowing the detection of 14 out of 36 plasma RNAs in the subtype B-infected patients not detected with the original version...

..Clinical relevance of these phenotypic susceptibility results needs to be evaluated in HIV-2 treated patients...

..CD4 T cell responses specific to the diphtheria-derived carrier protein CRM(197) were evaluated...

..028). Our results suggest that a specific gag CSM might have a role on protease inhibitor susceptibility in an inhibitor-specific manner...

..The circulation of subtype F1 in Romania has the potential to be a source of this HIV-1 subtype in Europe....

..8-180.3; P<.0001). Patients' previous adherence to therapy and drugs genetic barriers, not only the number of pills or doses involved, should be taken into consideration in the decision to simplify highly active antiretroviral therapy...

..The methods are discussed and illustrated with data of 2 recent clinical trials. Surprisingly, it was found that the log10 transformation of the HIV-1 RNA reduction was not appropriate in our data...

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..In HIV-infected patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy, the significance of intermittent viremia and their relationship with drug resistance remain unclear...

..Therapeutic drug monitoring for patients treated by lopinavir-ritonavir would likely be most useful in patients with substantially resistant viruses...

..Determining the clinical significance of these mutation patterns responsible for interalgorithm discordances will improve interalgorithm concordance and the accuracy of genotypic resistance interpretation...

..Two distinct mutational patterns were noted. The first pattern involved mutations at codons 41, 210 and 215, while the second involved mutations at codons 67, 70 and 219...

..We applied the different models to data from a clinical trial in HIV-1-infected patients...

..The decrease in PIs plasma concentrations observed when they are combined with nevirapine or efavirenz is reduced when low doses of ritonavir, which strongly inhibits cytochrome P450, are associated with the combination of PI and NNRTI...

..To avoid the rapid emergence of resistant viruses in this part of central Africa, continuous surveillance of the circulation of drug-resistant viruses must be maintained to guide treatment strategies...

..To examine the effect of adherence to therapy on early virological response, later virological failure, and occurrence of adverse events in HIV-infected patients...

..Although K70R has been described as the first mutation to appear in patients receiving ZDV monotherapy, the T215Y/F mutation appeared first in patients receiving dual-nucleoside combination therapy...

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