Jean Marc Costa

..Prenatal diagnosis might thus be performed for male fetuses only, avoiding invasive procedures and the risk of the loss of female fetuses...

..The nosocomial acquisition of Candida albicans is a growing concern in intensive care units (ICUs) and understanding the route of contamination is relevant for infection control guidelines...

..Application of quantitative PCR has evolved as a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in amniotic fluid, blood, tissue samples, and cerebrospinal fluid...

..Moreover, fetal RHD genotyping by maternal blood analysis could be useful in RhD-negative women at risk of immunization in order to adapt prophylactic anti-D injection...

..Evaluation of the use of short probes as a detection system in real-time PCR...

..Therefore, determination of fetal sex by maternal serum analysis can not replace caryotype analysis following chorionic villus sampling...

..Other more exceptional applications are also possible, including detection of translocations or search for de novo point mutations but currently remain in the research phase...

..The high level of accuracy of fetal RHD genotyping obtained in this study could enable this technique to be offered on a routine basis for the management of RhD-negative patients during the first trimester of pregnancy...

..The importance of quantification should be better evaluated with postnatal studies. The duplex LightCycler PCR test currently provides rapid and safe results...

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..It is therefore possible to consider that such an assay could be systematically proposed to all RhD-negative pregnant women in order to more effectively utilize RhD prophylaxis...

..CONCLUSION: Neither gB genotype nor CMV DNA load in AF correlate with the severity of CMV congenital infection and these markers are unlikely to prove useful for the management of congenital infection...

..Although cell density in coelomic fluid (CF) is very low, the results of analyses on the cellular compartment have been proposed for prenatal diagnosis. METHODS and..

..The United States should begin to undertake clinical trials to bring this technology to patient care as soon as possible...

..We report on two prenatal diagnoses in which karyotypes showed mosaicism with an aberrant cell line, including a structural rearrangement of chromosome 21...

..Therefore, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by fetal sex determination for women at risk of producing children with X-linked disorders, and fetal RHD genotyping is reliable and secure as previously demonstrated...

..Non-invasive procedures such as ultrasound examination allow reliable fetal sex determination only during the second trimester. Reliable fetal sex determination can now be realised by using SRY gene amplification in maternal blood...

..Fetal B19 infection should be systematically incorporated in the prenatal evaluation of isolated fetal hyperechogenic bowel...

..The LightCycler PCR assay, combined with automated DNA extraction, could be used in association with the GM assay to improve the reliability of IA diagnosis...

..This technique has the potential to significantly accelerate species-adapted therapeutic decisions regarding treatment of leishmaniasis...

..The two methods are similarly discriminatory and can be interchangeable depending on the objectives. MLP is less expensive and faster than MLST. However, MLST is currently more accurate and additional standardization is needed for MLP...

..In contrast, a negative PCR on the first positive GM sample may argue for postponing costly antifungal administration until additional arguments for the diagnosis of IA are presented...

..In conclusion, the genotypic profile of our HA population was not different from others described and is suitable to study inhibitor formation...

..Moreover, no link between short tandem repeats polymorphism and severity of congenital disease has been demonstrated. However, short tandem repeats analysis may be a powerful tool to study the epidemiology of CMV congenital infections...

..5: the resistant population was detected by E-test but not by PCR. Our PCR assay is accurate for fast detection of H. pylori as well as of clarithromycin resistance and is also able to objectively determine bacterial density...

..We concluded that determination of UL144 polymorphisms in cases of congenital infection is not relevant, since it is unlikely to help predict the outcome of the infection...

..7; OR = 2, IC [1.26-3.21]). In our cases, amniotic fluid CMV DNA load was not significantly higher in males than in females (p = 0.06) and was also similar in severely and non-severely infected fetuses (p = 0.09)...

..Our results illustrate the usefulness of monitoring the M. genitalium load in evaluating the susceptibility of M. genitalium to antibacterial treatment...

..Additional studies of the kinetics of fungal DNA are needed. The development of real-time technology should improve our knowledge in order to give the clinicians informative clues for making a decision...

..However, the absence of standardized methods has led to discrepant results. As a consequence, these tests are not recognized as consensual diagnostic criteria...

..Simple and accurate genotyping of both loci should thus be routinely offered in laboratories...