Serge Halimi

..To describe the behaviour of French general practitioners (GP) regarding intensification of hypoglycaemic agents in orally treated type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, according to their HbA(1c) level...

..Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) generates hope when introduced, however several studies questioned its efficacy and many diabetics judge it too constraining...

..Very few centres use the GIK protocol in non-diabetics in acute coronary syndromes with a risk of loss of benefit for these patients. Therapeutic protocols which can be used by paramedical personnel should be developed...

..For decades we used sulfonylureas, metformin and alpha glucosidases inhibitors. However these drugs have no effect on muscle insulin resistance, high levels of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity and progressive pancreatic beta-cell loss...

..The availability of new drugs and the high evidence based Levels of several trials confirm the lawfulness of these approaches...

..This, should be avoided through an appropriate patient's education, all along the Year, not only through the healthcare team, but involving patient's family and friends too, as well as the community and religious Authorities...

..Patient education is fundamental. The establishment of care networks for these patients seems to us to be the best tool for meeting the objectives of these guidelines...

..Follow-up of this placebo-controlled study will last for 5 years. Conducted in 200 European centers, its results are expected for 2012...

..This review, presents and discuss these various points, and the questions they generate, which have to be answer to update the therapeutic recommendations for type 2 diabetes...

..Their efficacy, safety and their cost vs. older strategies, will be really evaluated by physicians in the real daily practice and by large and long term systematic surveys, as recently shown in other therapeutic fields...

..It would be expected that these pharmacokinetic improvements would enhance clinical performance. However, the efficacy of BIAsp 30 compared with other common treatment regimens has not yet been systematically reviewed...

..Several studies support the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with Met as a promising second line treatment...

..Thereby, recommendations cannot enter so many details and strategies. The need for continuing medical education and the referral to diabetologist more often is becoming essential...

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..The results indicate that acarbose has potential clinical utility for improving glycaemic control in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin...

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..New strategies now in the process of being elaborated suggest to treat type 2 diabetes much earlier and with much more ambitious glycaemic objectives...

..Therefore, by specifically combining these agents in a single tablet, there is considerable potential to achieve better blood glucose control and to improve compliance to therapy...

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..The association of metformin (or a sulfonylurea) and a thiazolidinedione should permit to obtain early a better glycaemic control without the hypoglycaemic risk associated with intensive therapy at an early stage of type 2 diabetes...

..However the frequency of adverse events must be evaluated in a large use, beyond phase II and III, after the withdrawal of the first TZD introduced on the market (troglitazone)...

..These programs must be evaluated by randomized controlled trials...

..We evaluated the prognostic value of an exercise stress test and thallium-201 scintigraphy for the prediction of cardiac events in selected high-risk NIDDM patients...

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..The aim of the study was to examine the predictive value of SMI for cardiac events in a multicenter cohort and to determine whether this value is higher in patients with a particular clinical profile...

..Moreover, a significant protection of albumin was found in patients with T2DM treated with MET...

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..Low risk patients (Group 3, n=276) underwent no specific management...

..However, the majority of studies are focused on biomedical or behavioural markers only. We performed a prospective study to assess QOL in adult type 1 diabetic patients for one year following a hospital educational programme...

..As our hypothesis was that BID changes over time, the primary objective of the present study was to determine the changes in BID 1 year after a therapeutic educational programme on FIT...

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..In this case scintigraphy can provide the diagnosis. Malignant forms are more frequent in case of functional paraganglioma, more particularly in case of dopamine secretion...

..The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the challenges in managing T2DM in the elderly, with an emphasis on prevention of hypoglycaemia and the role of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in this patient population...

..Finally, there are a growing number of arguments favouring the use of ACE inhibitors very early in patients with diabetes mellitus...

..In diabetic foot ulcers there is an excess of MMPs and a decrease of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). This imbalance is probably one cause of impaired healing. However, little is known about changes in MMPs during wound healing...

..The purpose of this study was to assess variations in glucose transport in rats using (125)I-6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose (6DIG), a new tracer of glucose transport proposed as an imaging tool to assess insulin resistance in vivo...

..A BP-independent effect of the combination may increase renal protection...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in type 1 diabetic subjects and healthy volunteers and (2) the influence of glycemic control attested by HbA(1C) on LTE4 excretion...

..This study is the first step towards the development of a technique of insulin resistance measurement in humans with a new tracer of glucose transport, [(123)I]6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose (6DIG)...

..As a consequence of tat tranfection Mn-SOD activity was 50% lower in HeLa-tat cells in comparison to HeLa-wild cells. This work emphasizes the importance of the antioxidant system in the glucose induced cytotoxicity...

..These results suggest that the glucose oxidation and its subsequent effects on the cells can be prevented by a biological antioxidant such as zinc...