Florence Pasquier

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..Many interventions could reduce the cognitive decline associated with DM, yet not enough are taken into account so far...

..Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a more common cause of dementia than previously recognised. Few data are available regarding the natural course of FTD in terms of survival, nursing home admission and causes of death...

..AD patients with clinical and imaging frontal lobe dysfunction tended to have lower memory performance and to differ even more from FTD patients than AD patients without frontal lobe dysfunction...

..White matter changes were also associated with an increased risk of poststroke dementia, 2 years after stroke onset. Thus, white matter changes contribute to dementia occurring in stroke patients...

..Even when vascular lesions and degenerative changes (mainly Alzheimer changes) are not severe enough, no their own, to be the cause of dementia, their summation may reduce the preclinical stage of the degenerative process...

..Behavioural disorders evolved with time but restlessness and hyperorality were long-lasting. Imaging showed the progression of a consistent pattern of anterior abnormalities with frequent leukoaraiosis...

..The approach of studying these diseases has changed considerably with genetic and biochemical analyses. A molecular classification is suggested and the clinical significance of this classification is discussed...

..Moreover, there may be overlap between two or more pathologies, which complicates the diagnostic process. Follow-up of patients is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy...

..In conclusion, a systematic search for biological pathways using GWAS data set seems to comfort the primary causes already suspected but may specifically highlight the importance of the immune system in AD...

..19 [0.97-1.45], p=0.10). The relationship between the genetic variability of the THRA gene and AD risk remains uncertain but cannot be entirely excluded...

..Of the genes showing nominal association in our cohorts, TFAM and CHRNB2 appear particularly interesting and warrant further genetic and functional follow-up analyses...

..19, p=0.004). This association was independent of age and ApoE status. Our results support that the OTC gene may be a minor genetic determinant of AD...

..These findings may contribute to the improvement of prevention and management of patients with intracerebral haemorrhages...

..The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that subcortical hyperintensities (SH) are associated with an increased rate of conversion to dementia in MCI patients...

..We aimed to test whether cognitive decline is associated with subcortical hyperintensities in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...

..In conclusion, these data indicate that the rs760678 SNP of the NEDD9 gene is at best a weak genetic determinant of AD or PD...

..The majority of patients with PPA in the current study developed frontotemporal dementia...

..Patients with PSD have high mortality rates and are likely to be functionally impaired. These patients should be treated according to the current guidelines for stroke prevention...

..None of the other genes in the pathway appeared to be differentially expressed in the AD brain or act as genetic determinants of the disease...

..Our results reinforce the notion that SNPs in the ESR1 or ESR2 genes do not seem to play a major role in the genetic susceptibility of AD...

..Besides, better knowledge on the links between cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease, remind us that both pathologies may coexist and should be taken into account...

..CONCLUSION: DS are frequent after stroke. Their time course varies and depends on the cognitive status; this variation contributes to differences among previous studies on poststroke depression...

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..Those lesions in a brain that just experienced a stroke may have lower thresholds for early epileptic seizures. Therefore, epileptic seizures may be a marker of subclinical brain lesions, which may lead to dementia...

..A longer follow-up may be necessary to reevaluate the influence of MTLA...

..15; 95% CI: 1.48-6.69). CONCLUSION: In daily practice, the under-prescription of OAC in patients with NVAF mainly depends on co-morbidity and on characteristics of the physician, not on prestroke dementia...

..Little is known about the progression of either VaD or AD+CVD. The aim of this study was to compare demographic features, cognitive decline and survival of patients with VaD, AD+CVD and AD alone attending a memory clinic...

..From a clinical point of view, this mutation is associated with considerable intrafamilial phenotypic variation...

..Previous biological studies support roles of CLU and CR1 in the clearance of beta amyloid (Abeta) peptide, the principal constituent of amyloid plaques, which are one of the major brain lesions of individuals with Alzheimer's disease...

..3, 95%CI 1.0-1.6, p=0.05) in varepsilon4-carriers. In addition, the rs2373115 did not modulate the extent of tau phosphorylation in the brain of 89 AD cases. The GAB2 gene is at best a minor genetic determinant of AD...

..To assess reasons that prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from being included in clinical trials...

..A striking feature consisted in intraneuronal Abetax-40 accumulation located in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and in the pyramidal cell layer of the Ammon's horn...

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..FTD patients showed most severe difficulties in PC and verbal and non-verbal pragmatics, in relation to their frontal lesions. AD patients had prominent impairment of lexical-semantic operations...

..Clinical and MRI features can mimic paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE), and the differential diagnosis between these 2 entities may be difficult...

..However, AD represents a problem of public health and preventive and curative strategies have to be proposed...

..To assess the prevalence of risk factors of prion-related disease transmission in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit...

..They also have an elevated risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive impairment may have consequence on treatment compliance...

..We hypothesise that the major simplification concerning the pattern observed in AD can be explained by the fact that patients suffering from LBD have previously been included in the groups of AD patients...

..Preliminary results obtained in elderly subjects with systolic arterial hypertension, support this hypothesis...

..In old age BPD, the cognitive decline is more severe and can fulfill the criteria of dementia. However, the characteristics of bipolar disorder dementia are still unknown...

..To evaluate the 3-year incidence of poststroke dementia (PSD) and the influence of prestroke cognitive decline...

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..However, white matter changes, and associated Alzheimer pathology, which are both frequent in this age category, may also contribute to the cognitive decline...

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..Our aim was to determine the influence of prestroke and poststroke dementia on the 3-year risk of stroke recurrence...

..002). CONCLUSIONS: LLAs may slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and have a neuroprotective effect. This should be confirmed by placebo controlled randomised trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease and no dyslipaemia...

..This study sought to characterize correlations between 1) the different clinical variants of primary progressive language and speech disorders and 2) the pathologic diagnosis...

..In healthy but frail elderly people and in early-stage AD patients, sleep should be more thoroughly characterized (notably by using standardized interviews and polysomnographic recording)...

..For AD and FTLD/PSP/CBDs, agreement between the clinical and SPECT-based diagnoses was always confirmed by neuropathological assessment...

..CONCLUSION: Many patients were not properly treated in both groups, and differences between practice and guidelines were more frequent in the CHD group, where guidelines are more strict...

..Better knowledge of the risk factors for PSD, including environmental and genetic factors, should increase the effectiveness of preventive strategies in patients with this condition...

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..The Mini-Mental State Examination was not modified and trazodone was well tolerated. Results of this first placebo-controlled trial suggest that trazodone is an effective treatment for the behavioural symptoms of FTD...

..Displaying pictures in isolation did not improve performance. The results suggest that rapid categorization can be accomplished on the basis of coarse information without overt recognition...

..The severity of cognitive impairment parallels that of CHF. The question of whether this cognitive impairment decreases adherence to treatment and contributes to a worse outcome in CHF patients should be explored...

..Our findings indicate that the various MMSE item scores may be helpful in differentiating PPA and AD in the first few years of the disease...

..Inconsistency of the results in FTD may be related to impulsiveness, lack of consistency of the patients and to heterogeneity of the progression of the lesions...

..We tested the hypothesis that a higher education level is associated with faster cognitive decline and lower survival in a cohort of 670 Alzheimer's disease patients, followed for 3.5 years at the Lille-Bailleul memory centre...

..However, a composite action and animal fluency score was found to be more effective for discriminating between these two groups...

..We suggest that "diffuse" AGD might be a subgroup of AGD, the specific profile of which is different from that of "limbic" AGD...

..Until now, mainly amyloid pathology has been targeted un many clinical trials without any success. Both new therapeutic strategies and diagnosis improvement are needed...

..However, over time, the occurrence of mutism may lead caregivers to regret the period of behavioral disorders...

..Dementia adversely influences vital outcome in stroke patients, perhaps partly because the therapeutic approach differs between demented and non-demented patients...

..34 to 16.21). CONCLUSION: Stroke patients with pre-existing dementia have an increased risk of late seizures. Any factor increasing the risk of seizures (drugs, metabolic changes) should be avoided in these patients...

..The constant and abundant Abeta x-42 deposition in sporadic DLB suggests that synucleinopathy is also promoted by APP dysfunction. Therefore, we conclude that APP is a therapeutic target for both AD and DLB...

..Response to tacrine varies among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lewy body dementia (LBD) could be a high responder subtype of AD. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of tacrine in LBD and AD...

..Pre-existing cognitive decline and new-onset dementia are common in patients with stroke, but their influence on institutionalisation rates is unknown...

..In the present article, we review the potential value of managing hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia or global vascular risk factors in AD patients...

..To determine whether the effects of APOE promoter polymorphisms on AD are independent of the APOE-epsilon4 allele...

..The influence of stroke location, vascular risk factors and silent infarcts remains to be determined. PSD adversely influences the outcome in stroke patients...

..66, 95% CI 1.22-5.79). SI did not affect vital or functional outcome or the occurrence of new vascular events within 2 years after stroke. Whether they affect cognitive outcome remains under evaluation over a longer follow-up period...

..Finally, a long-term follow-up is important given the large number of causes that are identified at a distance from the initial event...

..In conclusion, our results suggest the involvement of a new pathway in AD brains involving the urea cycle...

..Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common dementia of the elderly. A significant cholinergic deficit has been demonstrated that may be responsive to treatment by cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs)...

..Approximately one-third of the memantine-treated patients did not strictly fit with the French summary of product characteristic recommendations for the first memantine prescription...

..We sought to describe their frequency and distribution, and to test their association with cognitive characteristics in MCI patients...

..Four ways of prevention are credible. The most important is the treatment of vascular risk factors and particularly hypertension. Other ways are nutritional factors, stimulating leisure activities and depression...

..Since all the mutations cause a progranulin haploinsufficiency, additional factors probably explain the variable clinical presentation of the disease...

..The data reveal in an astonishing yet striking manner the dynamic semantic memory degradation in Alzheimer's disease through the apparently paradoxical semantic priming effects...

..We propose that CALHM1 encodes an essential component of a previously uncharacterized cerebral Ca(2+) channel that controls Abeta levels and susceptibility to late-onset AD...

..Finally, recent advances in proteomics technology are essential to develop further therapeutic targets and early predictive and discriminative diagnostic assays for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders...

..Tauopathy in the entorhinal and hippocampal formation could be another type of pathological dysfunction of tau proteins, and a therapeutic target to delay AD. Relevant animal models are desperately needed to address this issue...

..In conclusion, our study reveals the high frequency of SPG11 mutations in patients with HSP, a TCC and cognitive impairment, including in isolated patients, and extends the associated phenotype...

..Rather, it points to heterogeneous profiles of agraphia and suggests that the first signs of writing impairment in AD stem from changes at different points in the broad anatomical network subserving spelling and writing abilities...

..73, 95% CI: 1.12-2.67, P = 0.012). No synergistic effects were found between the APOE epsilon 4 allele and KNS2 gene polymorphisms...

..Validation studies in existing and prospective cohorts are needed to advance these criteria and optimise their sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy...

..This observation provides a final argument that PGRN mutations exert their pathogenic effect through haploinsufficiency and underlines the diversity of clinical presentations associated with these PGRN alterations...