Fabrice Carrat

..The effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors to reduce transmission when used as treatment in influenza-infected patients remains debated...

..However, dramatic healthcare budget constraints limit access to the costly treatment. We assessed risk perception and priority setting for intervention among HCV, unsafe water, and outdoor air pollution in Cairo city...

..2 (vaccination after 50 years) to 2.4 (vaccination from birth). These findings have important implications for influenza vaccination policies...

..In addition to the use of vaccine adjuvants, emerging research areas include development of a universal vaccine and the use of vaccines that exploit mechanisms of cross-protective immunity...

..With an influenza pandemic seemingly imminent, we constructed a model simulating the spread of influenza within the community, in order to test the impact of various interventions...

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..To document the prevalence of respiratory virus infections in patients with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disorders admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure...

..83; 95% confidence interval 1.05-3.20). Serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement should be integrated in the pretreatment assessment of prognostic factors of a virologic response...

..The aim of this study was to assess the effect of insulin resistance (IR) on the response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients...

..02), and elevated total bilirubin level (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 1.08-93.3; P<.03). Didanosine should thus not be given to patients with cirrhosis, particularly when treatments for HCV and HIV infections have to be administered concomitantly...

..To evaluate the prevalence and severity of steatosis and possible interactions between steatosis, host factors, viral factors, and treatment for HIV infection in HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients...

..Data are lacking in HIV-HCV coinfected patients...

..Antiretroviral therapy in general was independently associated with lower HCV viral load. This suggests that HCV viral load kinetics could differ according to the choice of HAART regimen...

..However, implementation of the method may be difficult due to lack of statistical expertise. No dedicated tool is available to perform and guide analyses...

..001). Similar results were obtained for national incidence forecasts. From the results of this method, maps of influenza epidemic forecasts can be made in countries in which national and regional data are available...

..We explored other fibrosis staging accuracy measures designed for ordinal gold standards, the C-statistic and the Obuchowski measure...

..We also compare vaccine effectiveness against ILI versus laboratory-confirmed pandemic A(H1N1) influenza, and assess the possible bias caused by using non-specific endpoints and observational data...

..Over a 5-year period, on-treatment liver stiffness appears stable in most noncirrhotic PBC patients, whereas it significantly increases in patients with cirrhosis. Progression of liver stiffness in PBC is predictive of poor outcome...

..Although feasibility has not been demonstrated yet, it will be evaluated over the winter of 2010-2011...

..CONCLUSION: In combination with ribavirin, treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b is more effective than standard interferon alfa-2b for HCV infection in HIV-infected patients...

..These results support a high correlation at the hemisphere level and suggest that the global interhemispheric circulation of epidemics follows an irregular pathway with recurrent changes in the leading hemisphere...

..To compare non-invasive biological liver fibrosis scores, as alternatives to liver biopsy, in HIV/HCV co-infected patients...

..Influenza transmission in households is a subject of renewed interest, as the vaccination of children is currently under debate and antiviral treatments have been approved for prophylactic use...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcome of women with IBD who have been exposed to thiopurines...

..We used a multistate modeling approach to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which remains controversial...

..We assessed this risk in the CESAME French nationwide prospective observational cohort...

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..From the societal perspective, such screening and vaccination might save costs...

..The origin and estimated death toll of the 1918-1919 epidemic are still debated. Europe, one of the candidate sites for pandemic emergence, has detailed pandemic mortality information...

..The aim of this study was to assess whether IS co-treatment is useful in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on scheduled IFX infusions...

..Few European countries conduct reactive surveillance of influenza mortality, whereas most monitor morbidity...

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..Little is known about the prognostic factors of acute liver enzyme variations in HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected patients...

..The level of herd immunity before and after the first 2009 pandemic season is not precisely known, and predicting the shape of the next pandemic H1N1 season is a difficult challenge...

..This study shows that the results of alternative methods concord with those of histology in HBV-infected patients in Burkina Faso. These alternative techniques could help physicians to identify patients requiring treatment...

..To evaluate the effect of staff influenza vaccination on all-cause mortality in nursing home residents...

..Adding 1889 to the short catalogue of influenza pandemics previously studied makes the 1918 pandemic even more exceptional in terms of mortality burden and age distribution of deaths...

..However, data on their effectiveness for limiting transmission are scarce. We evaluated the effectiveness of facemask use by index cases for limiting influenza transmission by large droplets produced during coughing in households...

..The objective of this study was to compare the 1-year outcomes of survivors of A(H1N1)-associated ARDS, according to use or no use of extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA), using its need as an ARDS severity surrogate...

..The role of each of these strategies remains to be defined in well-designed randomized controlled trials...

..Social and geographic factors probably shape the local R(0) , and they could be identified to design optimal mitigation scenarios tailored to each city...

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..Reports of an increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease are controversial. We assessed this risk in a prospective observational cohort study...

..Antibiotics are unnecessary expenses in the initial treatment of influenza, as they can give potential side-effects and contribute to spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria...

..We estimated the impact of influenza in terms of uncomplicated morbidity and its consequences on health care utilization and lost workdays...

..These findings show that severe weight loss is a frequent side effect of anti-HCV therapy in HIV / HCV-coinfected patients. The underlying mechanisms remain to be identified...

..3,5.2]) and adults (3.9 days, 95 per cent CI [3.2,4.9]). The posterior probability that children had a larger community risk was 76 per cent and the posterior probability that they were more susceptible than adults was 79 per cent...

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..Dissatisfaction with hand appearance is frequently the presenting complaint of patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA), yet no tool exists for its measurement and few studies have examined aesthetic discomfort...

..We reasoned that interleukin-2, a cytokine that promotes Treg survival and function, could be beneficial for patients with vasculitis that is resistant to HCV therapy...

..The use of this algorithm to draw transmission maps in investigations of outbreaks with person-to-person transmitted agents could potentially guide public health measures regarding the control of such outbreaks...

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..CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new data about the time course of PBC under UDCA and constitutes a rationale for the design and evaluation of clinical trials aimed to assess the efficacy of drugs associated with UDCA...

..We estimate the age- and cause-specific excess mortality impact of the pandemic in France, relative to that of other countries and past epidemic and pandemic seasons...

..Here we compared the age distributions of morbidity and mortality during two seasonal influenza epidemics (H1N1 and H3N2) in France and the United States with those of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic waves in the same countries...

..This approach could help to optimize studies of influenza VK and SD and to predict the effect of antivirals on infectiousness and symptoms...

..We show that a cross-protection of 50% between the two strains is sufficient to explain why we observe a single influenza illness peak in temperate countries...

..The results justify a wider use of this method for analysing surveillance data...

..26-0.49, P < 0.0001) and in patients receiving protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (OR, 0.51 95% CI, 0.30-0.86, P = 0.0114). Zidovudine discontinuation could help to avoid anaemia associated with anti-HCV therapy...

..Nevertheless, means of increasing the availability of antiviral therapies, particularly for patients with HIV co-infection or injecting drug use, require further study...

..Zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, reduces the number of days of illness in influenza-positive patients. New bedside rapid flu tests (RFT) should increase the number of influenza-positive patients whom receive zanamivir appropriately...

..In a pediatric setting, heterozygous FH (hFH) in children may not be identified from common forms of hypercholesterolemia (HC)...

..We analysed factors associated with persistently normal ALT levels, defined as at least three consecutive normal ALT values over a 6-month period, in a group of 381 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients...

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..027 (95% CI 1.004-1.051) for lag 3 and RR= 1.032 (95% CI 1.009-1.056) for lag 9. Our study concludes that ambulatory respiratory drug sales data could be useful for epidemiological surveillance of air pollutant health effects...

..Since 1998, prestorage leucoreduction of all cellular blood components has been made mandatory in France. The French blood service needed to follow the data on the quality of the blood components prepared by blood centres...

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..These results suggest that, in patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea, the degree of wasting is significantly related to the levels of dietary intake and the clinical severity of diarrhea, but not to the extent of nutrient malabsorption...

..We determined the prevalence and determinants of worsening fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were receiving anti-HCV therapy...

..To evaluate the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors for symptomatic mitochondrial toxicity in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients receiving anti-HCV therapy...

..To help policymakers consider whether such a policy should be adopted more widely, we conducted an economic evaluation of lowering the age limit for routine influenza vaccination to 50 years in Brazil, France, Germany, and Italy...

..To describe the characteristics of hepatitis B (HBV) infection in HIV-infected patients and the impact of anti-HBV treatments...

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..Estimating the future burden of HCV in Egypt is important to support health policies to combat the epidemic...