Jean Bousquet

..From research, public health programs can be designed...

..This systems medicine strategy, which will take a holistic approach to disease, is designed to allow the results to be used globally, taking into account the needs and specificities of local economies and health systems...

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..Several criteria should be met by oral H(1)-antihistamines in terms of their pharmacological, and clinical efficacy and safety profiles...

..Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved...

..There had been no placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial of desloratadine (DL) in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis to date...

..This requires both CRD-targeted interventions and transverse NCD programmes which include CRDs, with emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention...

..This document can also serve to optimize the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of SCUADs by means of comparison with mild chronic upper airway diseases...

..Biologics have become an increasingly important class of therapeutic compounds in a variety of immune and/or inflammatory diseases. Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma represent a significant unmet need...

..This review includes new studies that have not yet been considered in guidelines...

..Most patients with allergic rhinitis consult in primary care. A simple test is needed to evaluate globally the severity of allergic rhinitis to assess the efficacy of treatment...

..The last group includes asthma for which control is not achieved despite the highest level of recommended treatment and asthma for which control can be maintained only with the highest level of recommended treatment...

..Randomized trials provide evidence to inform treatment decisions. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement is a set of recommendations for the reporting of trials...

..The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries...

..It also provides some suggestions for the research that will be needed. Interestingly, some of the research questions can be approached with the available data obtained from large RCTs...

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..Lipoxin production involves interaction between lipoxygenases, whereas 15-epi-lipoxin production might involve CytP450 activity...

..This paper presents a discussion of the burden of asthma and its socioeconomic implications and proposes a model to predict the costs incurred by the disease...

..We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NO synthase genes (NOS) and biological NO-related phenotypes measured in two compartments (exhaled breath condensate and plasma) and blood eosinophil counts...

..The effects of these drugs on structural changes in COPD have not been investigated extensively. Long-term prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the potential for ICSs to affect the natural history of chronic bronchial diseases...

..Guidelines for allergic rhinitis are more effective than free-treatment choice in the control of seasonal allergic rhinitis...

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..Although specific immunotherapy was introduced a century ago, very few trials meet the criteria for pivotal studies. The paper reviews the methods which should be used to investigate specific immunotherapy...

..Although uncontrolled asthma remains frequent, determinants of asthma control are poorly studied...

..Tobacco smoking is common in patients with allergic rhinitis...

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..No data are available regarding the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level in guiding therapy in smoking asthmatic patients. Identification of the effect of smoking in a large sample is needed...

..Therefore, the Modulite formoterol hydrofluoroalkane-based formulation in extra-fine particles is a valuable therapeutic option for both patients and physicians in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

..To assess whether the severity of asthma is associated with sensitisation to airborne moulds rather than to other seasonal or perennial allergens...

..The aim of this study was to assess which attributes of combination therapy physicians consider most important...

..Natural rubber latex is a recognized allergen, but a recent meta-analysis failed to find any association between latex exposure and allergy in health care workers (HCWs)...

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..Allergic rhinitis is a disease impairing quality of life, sleep, and work. A new classification for allergic rhinitis, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), has recently been proposed...

..To determine baseline characteristics predictive of response to omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, in patients with allergic asthma...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Drug provocation tests in individuals with suspected drug allergy performed in carefully controlled settings can confirm drug hypersensitivity...

..These factors must be taken into account when interpreting QOL of patients with SAR. Further studies are needed to confirm these results...

..45, 95% CI: 1.028-2.042). Sneezing and rhinorrhea did not impact RQLQ. Conclusions: This study confirmed that ocular symptoms and, to a lesser degree, nasal obstruction and pruritus have a significant impact on QoL...

..Moreover, pertussis toxin reversed LXA4- and LXB4-inhibited IL-8 release. These findings suggest that lipoxins have potential antiinflammatory action in asthma...

..A better understanding of nasal and bronchial remodeling might help to identify new pathways and new therapeutic strategies to reduce long-term remodeling in asthma...

..The findings support previous indications that one important component in asthmatic airway inflammation, the cysteinyl-leukotriene pathway remains relatively unopposed by oral glucocorticoids...

..Although inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used in the treatment of persistent asthma, the relationship between dose and clinical response remains unclear...

..The data is particularly applicable to Senegal but can be extrapolated to other regions throughout the world and the results have implications for the induction of allergic disease in both western and Third World countries...

..This property was not shared by the closely related mineralocorticoid receptor. Our results suggest that overexpression of either GRalpha or GRbeta may have an anti-inflammatory effect...

..Although asthma and rhinitis often occur together, the reason for this common comorbidity is still a matter of debate...

..Addition of a leukotriene receptor antagonist such as montelukast improves asthma in aspirin-intolerant patients over and above what can be achieved by glucocorticosteroids...

..These findings could have practical implication in the long-term management of asthmatic and COPD patients...

..07-0.27 per patient per year) and improvement in health status were significantly better with salmeterol/fluticasone. This study confirms that the goal of guideline-derived asthma control was achieved in a majority of the patients...

..At pollen peak, AS+SAR patients experienced significantly worse physical functioning than patients with SAR alone...

..The objective of our study was to assess, in patients with AR, whether duration and severity of AR are associated with sleep impairment...

..Recent analyses have suggested an increased risk for serious asthma-related adverse events in patients receiving long-acting beta-agonists...

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..We used the follow-up data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey to investigate the onset of asthma in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis during an 8.8-year period...

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..Allergic rhinitis is a chronic respiratory disorder with a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and health status. Enhancement and maintenance of patient function and well-being are therefore considered as essential...

..There are also unresolved safety concerns. Therapeutic efficacy of complementary-alternative treatments for rhinitis and asthma is not supported by currently available evidence...

..Intranasal corticosteroids are given as first-line therapy for moderate to severe persistent rhinitis. Depending on the dominant symptom, H1-antihistamines, decongestants, or ipratropium can be added after re-evaluation...

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..Exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are noninvasive methods to assess inflammation...

..To investigate the magnitude of change in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, and rescue beta2-agonist use, when the aim of treatment is to achieve guideline-defined control...

..Both treatments were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The addition of montelukast in patients whose symptoms remain uncontrolled by inhaled fluticasone could provide equivalent clinical control to salmeterol...

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..The Xyzal in Persistent Rhinitis Trial is the first large, long-term clinical trial studying patients with persistent rhinitis as defined by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma...

..In asthma T cells are characterized by an increased activation state and by reduced apoptosis...

..Our data suggest that exaggerated NF-kappaB activation perpetuates inflammatory mediators production in severe asthma...

..Antibiotics, expectorants, antihistamines, antitussives and nasal corticosteroids were commonly prescribed while asthma controllers were under-used...

..In this article, it is aimed to summarize the newly updated and published version of "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008" and add the recent Turkish epidemiological data on it...

..A regular use of fixed controller combinations, helping patients to quit smoking, or addressing weight issues might contribute to improvement in asthma control...

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..Further investigations in this region will allow identifying genetic factor(s) which could have pleiotropic effect in the three allergic diseases...

..Approximately two thirds of patients achieved well-controlled (WC) asthma, and one third continued to have asthma that was not well controlled (NWC)...

..These results provide new insights into the potential sharing of genetic determinants by asthma-related phenotypes...