Alain Berthod

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..Other applications are found in the pharmaceutical and chemical field. The separation of enantiomers on the preparative scale is a field of growing importance...

..The cocurrent CCC method is continuous and was able to resolve cholesterol at baseline in 40 min using 110 mL. Detection is difficult due to the fact that two immiscible liquid phases enter the detector...

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..The TAG CSP produced logically very different parameters when used in the reversed phase mode compared to the normal phase mode showing the critical role of the mobile phase...

..The remarkable complementary enantioselectivity effect observed with the four CSPs is discussed...

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..The two older CCC columns cannot compete with the new one. However, the small 19mL column with 1.6mm bore tubing can be useful when fast results are desired without top resolution...

..These methods are also considered. ILs will soon be produced on an industrial scale and it will be necessary to develop reliable analytical procedures for their analysis and control...

..The internal diameter of the tubing used is shown to be a critical parameter acting on the machine volume and number of tubing turns...

..Its improved capabilities of KD targeting make EECCC a promising tool for the specific analysis of "small" molecules in complex samples such as in metabolomic fingerprinting and footprinting...

..Finally, CE can sometimes be used to determine the size of binding constants (K(RL)) within certain limits provided experimental conditions can be formulated that minimize problems of biological heterogeneity...

..Continuous detection is a problem due to the fact that two immiscible liquid phases elute from the column. It was partly solved using an evaporative light scattering detector...

..e. at very low concentration and pH 2. It is possible to quench dimerization adding butanol in the heptane/water system. However, butanol additions also affect the partition coefficient of benzoic acid greatly by increasing it...

..The speed of the separations is the main advantage of the use of SFC compared to normal-phase HPLC. In addition, SFC is advantageous for preparative separations with easy solute recovery and solvent disposal...

..The discrimination factor of the ionic liquid system and its intrinsic hydrophobicity were respectively found three times higher and ten times lower than the respective values of the PEG 1000 ATPS...

..The purified CBB gave total satisfaction in testing amine content in polyclonal antibody containing monolith pipettes...

..The three isomers were easily separated in HILIC mode on a zirconia based stationary phase...

..Examples of applications of the knowledge of liquid-liquid partition coefficient in the vast world of solvent extraction and hydrophobicity estimation are presented...

..Most published protein purifications were performed in academic laboratories. The highest throughput listed is 1.65 g/h of pure lyzozyme, obtained using a 5.5 l hydrostatic CCC column...

..LODs in the low microgram range ( approximately 5 nmol) were obtained with the Kromasil C(8) column with a 50/50 acetonitrile-water mobile phase containing 0.01 M NaPF(6) added salt and 230 nm UV detection...

..The three-phase model may be applied to any gas-liquid chromatography stationary phase involving a pseudophase...

..The macrocyclic glycopeptide CSPs provided broad selectivity and effective separations of chiral sulfoxides...

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..7, while no enantiomeric changes were observed for the cis-chlordane. It seems that the (-)-trans-chlordane is metabolized significantly faster (t(1/2-)=15 days) in the river carp fish than the (+)-trans-enantiomer (t(1/2+)=20 days)...

..The model is validated calculating correctly the peak position of previously published MDM experiments...

..Their efficacy compares favorably to that of commercial fibers for polar analytes. The mechanical strength and durability of the polymeric IL fibers were excellent...

..Also, the IL retention factor depends on the concentration and nature of the added salt. Hexafluorophosphate chaotropic anions can adsorb on the Kromasil C18 surface dramatically increasing the imidazolium cation retention factors...

..The positive form of amino acids is complexed by the crown ether and the complex is extracted in the ionic liquid phase...

..In one case, an ionic matrix provided a signal-to-noise ratio ten times higher than the corresponding molecular matrix. Several of the tested ionic matrices were liquids. However, all working ionic matrices were solids...

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..Relationships between biological properties and hydrophobicity were also examined...

..It is shown that the A-40,926 CSP is complementary to the teicoplanin CSP, thereby enlarging the number of enantiomers that can be separated by the macrocyclic glycopeptide based CSPs...

..The enantioselectivity factors of all of the molecules remain unchanged because all of the interactions are changed equally. We propose a new global quality criterion (the E factor) for comparing and evaluating enantiomeric separations...

..In MLC, since an electrostatic interaction is added to hydrophobic forces, poorer correlations were obtained in all cases. The retention data obtained in RPLC also seems to correlate better with the biological activity of the drugs...

..It is shown that the low efficiency obtained with micellar liquid chromatography is compensated by the possibility offered by the technique to easily adjust selectivity...

..Steric effects, seen on the v parameter, are second in magnitude followed by H-bond and polar interactions. Only one solute could be studied in the normal phase mode showing a different mechanism with polar and steric major interactions...

..It is shown that the solute affinity for the chiral selector is not related to its enantioresolution factor. None of the two cyclodextrin selectors used was able to separate the whole set of basic drugs...

..Otherwise, a significant portion of the solutes will stay in the mobile phase inside the column and produce a broad peak showing after the stationary phase extrusion...

..1% pure. Compared with classical elution, the EECCC approach exhibits strong separation efficiency and great potential to be a high-throughput separation technique in the case of complex samples...

..Further purifications were then performed by thin layer and low pressure liquid chromatography. Twenty-eight micrograms of lolitrem B with a 96% purity grade were obtained from 8 kg of seeds (yield 32%)...