Simone Benhamou

..3, 95% CI: 0.2-0.7). These findings provide evidence for the view that polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may modify individual susceptibility to smoking-related cancers...

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..08, 95% CI 0.98-1.18) and no evidence of interaction between GSTM1 genotype and either smoking status or cumulative tobacco consumption...

..5 and 2.2 (95% CI 0.8-6.1) for adduct levels >18.5. These findings provide some evidence that DNA adducts in bladder tissue might predict smoking-induced bladder cancer. Larger studies are still warranted to confirm these results...

..The 3 genes are key players for regulating the efficiency of DSB repair. Large-scale studies are needed to show if any of these 3 variants are truly associated with an increased risk of cancer...

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..7 (95% CI = 0.5-15.3). An association between lung cancer and the homozygous CYP1A1*2A genotype is confirmed. An apparent and biologically plausible interaction is suggested between this genotype and GSTM1...

..The myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism was significantly protective in "ever" smokers but not in "never" smokers. Myeloperoxidase is a key enzyme in tobacco-induced carcinogenesis...

..People with rare combinations of common gene variants have a high risk of cancer and can be assimilated to subjects with highly penetrant mutations...

..05). These results hint to a few potential candidates for further investigation in larger studies...

..These data reveal a novel role for HR, different from the reactivation of stalled replication forks, which may play an important role in genome stability and thus in tumor protection...

..Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets...

..1-4.5) in ever smokers. A joint effect was observed for GSTM1 homozygous deletion and the CYP1A1 m1m2 variant on cancer risk. Our findings suggest that tobacco use and genetic factors play a significant role in oral and pharyngeal cancer...

..0002 and 0.065, respectively). Both gene effects were independent of each other, implying that multiple ADH genes may be involved in upper aerodigestive cancer etiology...

..84-45.0) of breast cancer in this study group. These results suggest that the use of HRT could substantially increase the risk of breast cancer among women with specific combinations of the at-risk genotypes of COMT and GST genes...

..No association between polymorphisms in the genes studied and tobacco consumption was observed; therefore, no effect of these genes on smoking behavior should be expected...

..Reduced AGT activity was not clearly associated with increased lung cancer risk in either smokers or non-smokers. However, the small size of our study argues for a prudent interpretation of our results...

..If present, this effect may vary among different populations, possibly because of interaction with genetic or environmental factors...

..68 (95% CI: 0.5-0.93). However, because of the heterogeneity in individual study results, additional large case-control studies are warranted to provide a more definitive conclusion...

..The analyses were more inconsistent and failed to reach statistical significance in Asians. This observation might be due to design specificities or unknown effect modifiers in the Asian studies...

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..Clear dose-response relationships consistent with a causal association were observed between exposure to secondhand smoke from spousal, workplace and social sources and the development of lung cancer among never smokers...

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..These considerations suggest the potential for the organization of a consortium of investigators conducting studies in this field...