Growth, immune and viral responses in HIV infected African children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort studyPhilippa M Musoke
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
BMC Pediatr 10:56. 2010
..We documented the weight and height responses in HIV infected Ugandan children on highly active antiretroviral therapy and determined clinical factors associated with successful treatment outcomes...
- Further evidence that exclusive breast-feeding reduces mother-to-child HIV transmission compared with mixed feeding
Mary Glenn Fowler
Makerere University (Makere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
PLoS Med 5:e63. 2008
Perinatal HIV and its prevention: progress toward an HIV-free generationMary Glenn Fowler
Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
Clin Perinatol 37:699-719, vii. 2010
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Reducing the risk of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission: past successes, current progress and challenges, and future directionsMary Glenn Fowler
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, onsite Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S3-9. 2007
..The challenges to eliminate new perinatal HIV infections worldwide will depend on both sustaining and expanding PMTCT interventions and effective primary HIV prevention for women, adolescents, and young adults...
- In utero HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of nevirapine resistance in ugandan infants who were exposed to perinatal single dose nevirapine
Jessica D Church
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 25:673-7. 2009
..NVP resistance was still detected in some infants 6-12 months after sdNVP exposure. In this study, in utero HIV infection was the only factor associated with detection of NVP resistance in infants 6-8 weeks after sdNVP exposure...
- Predictors of early and late mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a breastfeeding population: HIV Network for Prevention Trials 012 experience, Kampala, Uganda
Francis A Mmiro
Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 52:32-9. 2009
..To determine the predictors for early versus later (breastfeeding) transmission of HIV-1...
- Postnatal HIV-1 transmission after cessation of infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis and effect of maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy
Taha E Taha
Dept of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Infect Dis 200:1490-7. 2009
..The association between postnatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis was assessed...
- Postexposure prophylaxis of breastfeeding HIV-exposed infants with antiretroviral drugs to age 14 weeks: updated efficacy results of the PEPI-Malawi trial
Taha E Taha
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 57:319-25. 2011
..This analysis updates and extends efficacy estimates of the PEPI-Malawi trial through age 24 months at study completion in September 2009...
- Effects of cessation of breastfeeding in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected children in Malawi
Taha E Taha
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 53:388-95. 2011
..We assessed morbidity rates during short intervals that accompanied weaning and cumulative mortality among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants enrolled in the postexposure prophylaxis of infants in Malawi (PEPI-Malawi) trial...
- Kinetics of nevirapine and its impact on HIV-1 RNA levels in maternal plasma and breast milk over time after perinatal single-dose nevirapine
Jim Aizire
Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 60:483-8. 2012
..To determine kinetics after single-dose nevirapine and the impact on HIV RNA [viral load (VL)] in maternal plasma and breast milk (BM)...
- Initiation of antiretroviral treatment in women after delivery can induce multiclass drug resistance in breastfeeding HIV-infected infants
Jessica Fogel
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Clin Infect Dis 52:1069-76. 2011
..Infants in the trial received single-dose NVP and a week of zidovudine (ZDV) at birth; some infants also received extended daily NVP prophylaxis, with or without extended ZDV prophylaxis...
- Association of cord blood nevirapine concentration with reported timing of dose and HIV-1 transmission
J Brooks Jackson
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
AIDS 20:217-22. 2006
..To correlate nevirapine presence and concentration in cord bloods of infants born to HIV-1 infected women with report of timing of dose and HIV-1 transmission at 6 weeks of age...
- Analysis of nevirapine resistance mutations in cloned HIV type 1 variants from HIV-infected Ugandan infants using a single-step amplification-sequencing method (AmpliSeq)
William Ian Towler
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:1209-13. 2008
..This analysis revealed numerous NVP resistance mutations not detected by population sequencing, genetically linked NVP resistance mutations, and a high degree of genetic complexity at codons that influence NVP susceptibility...
- Analysis of HIV tropism in Ugandan infants
Jessica D Church
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Curr HIV Res 8:498-503. 2010
..3%) infants with R5-tropic HIV (p=0.09). Higher R5-RLU at 6-8 weeks was not associated with decreased survival. Infants with in utero infection had a higher median R5-RLU than infants who were HIV-uninfected at birth (p=0.025)...
- Stavudine concentrations in women receiving postpartum antiretroviral treatment and their breastfeeding infants
Jessica M Fogel
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 60:462-5. 2012
..Although d4T is concentrated in breast milk relative to maternal plasma, the infant d4T dose received from breast milk is very small and not clinically significant...
- Response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected Ugandan children exposed and not exposed to single-dose nevirapine at birth
Philippa M Musoke
Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 52:560-8. 2009
..To compare the response to a nevirapine (NVP)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected Ugandan children, exposed and nonexposed to single-dose NVP (sd NVP) at birth...
- Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: 18-month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial
J Brooks Jackson
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Lancet 362:859-68. 2003
..Safety and efficacy data are now presented for all babies followed up to 18 months of age...
- Emergence and persistence of nevirapine resistance in breast milk after single-dose nevirapine administration
Sarah E Hudelson
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
AIDS 24:557-61. 2010
..Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) (sdNVP) can reduce the risk of HIV vertical transmission. We assessed risk factors for NVP resistance in plasma and breast milk from sdNVP-exposed Ugandan women...
- Extended prophylaxis with nevirapine and cotrimoxazole among HIV-exposed uninfected infants is well tolerated
Jim Aizire
Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
AIDS 26:325-33. 2012
..Nevirapine and cotrimoxazole are associated with hematologic toxicities and skin-rash. Safety of their concurrent use for prophylaxis over extended periods among HIV-exposed uninfected infants has not been previously assessed...
- Safety and efficacy of HIV hyperimmune globulin for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their infants in Kampala, Uganda (HIVIGLOB/NVP STUDY)
Carolyne Onyango-Makumbi
Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration MU JHU CARE LTD, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58:399-407. 2011
..Primary objectives were to determine rates of HIV infection among infants and to assess the safety of HIVIGLOB in combination with sdNVP in HIV-infected Ugandan pregnant women and their infants...
- Extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission
Newton I Kumwenda
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
N Engl J Med 359:119-29. 2008
..Effective strategies are urgently needed to reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding in resource-limited settings...
- Nevirapine resistance in women and infants after first versus repeated use of single-dose nevirapine for prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission
Tamara S Flys
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
J Infect Dis 198:465-9. 2008
..NVP resistance was detected in a similar proportion of infants born to SD NVP-naive versus SD NVP-experienced women. Repeated use of SD NVP to prevent HIV transmission does not appear to influence NVP resistance...
- Considerations in using US-based laboratory toxicity tables to evaluate laboratory toxicities among healthy malawian and Ugandan infants
Irene R Lubega
Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 55:58-64. 2010
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- Distribution of haematological and chemical pathology values among infants in Malawi and Uganda
Newton I Kumwenda
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
Paediatr Int Child Health 32:213-27. 2012
..Data on paediatric reference laboratory values are limited for sub-Saharan Africa...
- Total lymphocyte count: not a surrogate marker for risk of death in HIV-infected Ugandan children
Philippa M Musoke
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 49:171-8. 2008
..To determine the utility of total lymphocyte count (TLC) in predicting the 12-month mortality in HIV-infected Ugandan children and to correlate TLC and CD4 cell %...
- Performance characteristics of HIV-1 culture and HIV-1 DNA and RNA amplification assays for early diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection
John S Lambert
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34:512-9. 2003
..Given that RNA assays require less blood volume and yield rapid results, our study adds to existing data suggesting that RNA assays may be used for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants...
- The impact of maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy and short-course combination antiretrovirals for prevention of mother-to-child transmission on early infant infection rates at the Mulago national referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda, January 20
Zikulah Namukwaya
Makerere University Johns Hopkins Research Collaboration, Mulago Hospital, Uganda
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 56:69-75. 2011
..We describe the antiretroviral (ARV) drugs given in the Mulago Hospital prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program from January 2007 to May 2009 and its impact on early infant HIV infection rates...
- Antibody maturation and viral diversification in HIV-infected women
Maria M James
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
PLoS ONE 8:e57350. 2013
..Antibody maturation and viral diversification were examined in these women...
- Long-term clinical and immunologic outcomes of HIV-infected women with and without previous exposure to nevirapine
Peter K Mudiope
Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
Trop Med Int Health 18:344-51. 2013
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- Phase I/II trial of HIV-1 hyperimmune globulin for the prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission in Uganda
Laura A Guay
Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
AIDS 16:1391-400. 2002
..Data suggest that a 400 mg/kg dose of HIVIGLOB would be the most appropriate dose for a subsequent efficacy trial of HIVIGLOB for the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission...
- Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials
Abubaker Bedri
Lancet 372:300-13. 2008
..FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health; US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Fogarty International Center...
- Effectiveness of repeat single-dose nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in repeat pregnancies in Uganda
Michelle McConnell
Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:291-6. 2007
..Given detection of resistant mutants among women who receive SDNVP, concerns have arisen over the efficacy of SDNVP in repeat pregnancies...
- Prevention of HIV transmission through breast-feeding: strengthening the research agenda
Francois Dabis
Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:167-8. 2004
..These papers summarize the current state of knowledge and highlight the outstanding issues that will need to be addressed in the very near future before research advances can be translated into public health practice...
- Does prior short-course nevirapine reduce the effectiveness of subsequent combination treatment with efavirenz?
Mary Glenn Fowler
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34:348-50. 2003
- Balancing maternal and infant benefits and the consequences of breast-feeding in the developing world during the era of HIV infection
Catherine M Wilfert
J Infect Dis 195:165-7. 2007
- Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission to the infant through breastfeeding: new developments
Athena P Kourtis
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S113-22. 2007
..Passive (antibodies) and active (vaccine) immunoprophylaxis will also soon begin to be tested. This paper focuses on current and planned research on strategies to prevent breastfeeding transmission of HIV...
- Recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus screening, prophylaxis, and treatment for pregnant women in the United States
Denise J Jamieson
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S26-32. 2007
..For women with HIV RNA levels of < 1000 copies/mL, a 3-part zidovudine prophylaxis regimen (prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal) should be used alone or in combination with other antiretroviral drugs...
- Effect of cessation of zidovudine prophylaxis to reduce vertical transmission on maternal HIV disease progression and survival
Arlene D Bardeguez
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 32:170-81. 2003
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- A review of clinical trials to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Africa and inform rational intervention strategies
Monica L Nolan
AIDS 16:1991-9. 2002
- Toward elimination of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States: effectiveness of funded prevention programs, 1999-2001
Stephanie L Sansom
Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Information Technology Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S90-5. 2007
..24). The number of perinatal HIV infections in the funded areas decreased by 56%, achieving the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's goal of a 50% reduction in incidence by 2005...
- Breast-feeding and HIV-1 transmission in resource-limited settings
Mary Glenn Fowler
Maternal Child Transmission, Pediatric and Adolescent Studies Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30:230-9. 2002
..These research efforts using maternal antiretrovirals for perinatal HIV prevention during breast-feeding will interface with emerging plans for treatment programs in developing countries...
- Human immunodeficiency virus retesting during pregnancy: costs and effectiveness in preventing perinatal transmission
Stephanie L Sansom
National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Obstet Gynecol 102:782-90. 2003
..To estimate the incremental societal costs and effectiveness of a second human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test during the third trimester of pregnancy compared with no second test...
- Increasing trend of Cesarean deliveries in HIV-infected women in the United States from 1994 to 2000
Kenneth L Dominguez
Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, M S E 45, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33:232-8. 2003
..Meta-analysis and randomized clinical trial results reported in June 1998 indicated a significant reduction in perinatal HIV transmission rates among mothers undergoing a cesarean section (C-section)...
- The interface of perinatal HIV prevention, antiretroviral drug resistance, and antiretroviral treatment: what do we really know?
Mary Glenn Fowler
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34:308-11. 2003
- Role of traditional birth attendants in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV
Marc Bulterys
Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
BMJ 324:222-4. 2002
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding: past, present, and future
Marc Bulterys
J Infect Dis 189:2149-53. 2004
- Trends in antiretroviral therapy use and survival rates for a large cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States, 1989-2001
Michelle S McConnell
Division of Applied Public Health Training, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:488-94. 2005
..In the United States, HIV-infected children and adolescents are aging and using antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for extended periods of time...
- Pharmacokinetics of didanosine and drug resistance mutations in infants exposed to zidovudine during gestation or postnatally and treated with didanosine or zidovudine in the first three months of life
Andrea Kovacs
Maternal, Child and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:503-9. 2005
..There are limited numbers of drugs that are available in formulations that are appropriate for neonates and few studies assessing resistance among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women...
- Pediatricians' role and practices regarding provision of guidance about sexual risk reduction to parents
Kim S Miller
Division of HIV AIDS Prevention SE, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E 45, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
J Prim Prev 29:279-91. 2008
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- Rapid human immunodeficiency virus-1 testing on labor and delivery in 17 US hospitals: the MIRIAD experience
Denise J Jamieson
Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S72-82. 2007
..Routine rapid testing during labor provides a feasible, acceptable, and accurate way to identify HIV-infected women before delivery...
- Infant human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis in resource-limited settings: issues, technologies, and country experiences
Tracy L Creek
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, TB Prevention Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S64-71. 2007
..This paper reviews challenges and progress in the field and suggests ways to facilitate early infant testing in resource-limited settings...
- Declines in low birth weight and preterm birth among infants who were born to HIV-infected women during an era of increased use of maternal antiretroviral drugs: Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease, 1989-2004
Joann Schulte
Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Pediatrics 119:e900-6. 2007
..Our goal was to determine trends in low birth weight and preterm birth among US infants born to HIV-infected women...
- Use of enhanced perinatal human immunodeficiency virus surveillance methods to assess antiretroviral use and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States, 1999-2001
Norma S Harris
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:S33-41. 2007
..Significant reductions in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission have been demonstrated in which the HIV-infected mothers and their HIV-exposed infants receive prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal antiretroviral therapy...
- Updated estimates of healthcare utilization and costs among perinatally HIV-infected children
Stephanie L Sansom
Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:521-6. 2006
..This study examined changes in healthcare use among perinatally HIV-infected children and developed new estimates of expected lifetime treatment costs...
- Cost-effectiveness of HIV rescreening during late pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in South Africa and other resource-limited settings
Sada Soorapanth
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 42:213-21. 2006
..Overall, HIV rescreening late in pregnancy in high-prevalence, resource-limited settings such as South Africa would be a cost-effective strategy for reducing mother-to-child transmission...
- Roundtable. Revisiting the role of single-dose nevirapine for preventing perinatal HIV transmission
Hoosen Coovadia
AIDS Clin Care 17:61-4. 2005
- Combination antiretroviral therapy in african nursing mothers and drug exposure in their infants: new pharmacokinetic and virologic findings
Marc Bulterys
J Infect Dis 192:709-12. 2005
- Antiretroviral prophylaxis of perinatal HIV-1 transmission and the potential impact of antiretroviral resistance
Monica Nolan
Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV AIDS, NCHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30:216-29. 2002
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