Olavi Ukkola

..The effects of the SNP seem not to be mediated through its effects on ghrelin plasma levels...

..We therefore conclude that more studies on variants of ghrelin gene are needed to perform in different populations to get deeper understanding on the relationship of ghrelin gene and its variants to obesity...

..Apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype has been associated with inflammation markers. The determinants of these associations and the relationship between novel inflammation marker, resistin, and apoE phenotype are studied here...

..To examine the relation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the resistin gene on the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors...

..The study suggests sex-specific interplay between metabolic and inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of MS...

..The association between the Leu72Met polymorphism of the preproghrelin gene and diabetic complications was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

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..The role of traditional versus novel adipose tissue-related risk factors in the background of atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome are discussed...

..In this review old and new peripheral signals and their interaction in the control of food intake are briefly discussed...

..Low ghrelin concentration has been associated with several features of metabolic syndrome (MS), but the relationship between ghrelin concentration and MS as a cluster of metabolic aberrations has not yet been studied...

..To identify genetic factors related to individual differences in lipid responses to intensified treatment in Type 2 diabetes. Design and..

..Future studies will reveal which of the two forms of ghrelin, the acylated or non-acylated forms, dominates and determines the net influence on energy balance...

..High leptin and low ghrelin are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS)...

..In addition, plasma ghrelin levels are lower in obese human subjects. Ghrelin might participate in meal initiation and may signal to the hypothalamus when an increase in metabolic efficiency is needed...

..Furthermore, ghrelin might be involved in the growth of some neoplasms. In conclusion, ghrelin, a new somatotrophic, orexigenic and adipogenic peptide hormone, links the regulatory systems for growth and energy balance...

..Whether ghrelin has a role in the development metabolic syndrome and the associated diseases, is not known. This review will report the evidence for the role of ghrelin in the clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome...

..In this paper, a short review of the topic is presented and a suggestion of the improvement of glucose metabolism is made based on the current published work...

..Although high PYY(3-36) is strongly linked to obesity and associated insulin resistance, the relation between PYY(3-36) and type 2 diabetes is independent of body fatness...

..Antagonism of ghrelin function to treat diabetes is thus a fascinating idea. This review concentrates on recent findings on the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and its derivatives in metabolic disorders with emphasis put on human studies...

..It is also associated with several other metabolic abnormalities. Whether non-dipping pattern is causally related to these metabolic aberrations remains to be explored in a future prospective follow-up of this cohort...

..The evidence of an association between adiponectin and the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is growing all the time...

..In conclusion, resistin is a fascinating new hormone for which a definite role in metabolism will be revealed in the near future...

..The objective of this paper is to review the current evidence of PTP1B in the pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer as well as in the treatment of these disorders...

..Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is known to be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes...

..In humans, inflammatory cells seem to be the major source of resistin. The aim of this study was to find out whether plasma resistin concentration associates with carotid artery atherosclerosis and the risk factors of atherosclerosis...

..Therefore, it might have some role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes and the regulation of BP. The ghrelin Arg51Gln mutation is associated with low plasma ghrelin concentrations...

..Our aim was to study the expression of adiponectin, leptin, their receptor genes and apoptosis in severely PE and normal placentas...

..The relationship between the dipping pattern and atherosclerosis is not clear. The night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) determines the dipping status...

..407, P = .011). The results show that peroral ERT can decrease plasma adiponectin levels. However, ERT does not seem to influence plasma resistin concentrations...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of abnormal glucose metabolism...

..The ghrelin gene may thus play a role in the regulation of variability of body weight, such that Leu72 allele carriers are more prone to weight variability in response to environmental factors...

..As a conclusion, estrogen replacement therapy increased active plasma ghrelin levels, particularly PE therapy. Additional studies are needed to determine the possible underlying mechanisms...

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..The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonischemic SCD has a similar familial background, which would be evidence of a genetic predisposition...

..The aim of this study was to explore changes in gene expression related to maternal energy restriction during pregnancy in rat fetuses and in neonatal rat offspring...

..Ghrelin vaccination decreases plasma MCP-1 levels even though no effects on developing signs of atherosclerosis or weight gain in mice were observed...

..The objective was to investigate whether there is some gene-environment interaction between smoking and apoE polymorphism. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study...

..We hypothesised that there might be functional sequential variations in the GHS-R1a gene affecting phenotypes linked to the GH/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-axis...

..Whether low adiponectin levels predict to liver fat accumulation remains to be explored in a future prospective follow-up of this cohort...

..This study's aim was to assess the role of interleukin (IL)-5 in modulating the levels of antibodies binding to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in human atherosclerosis...

..We evaluated the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and echocardiographic measurements, including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), in 933 middle-aged subjects consisting of 453 hypertensives and 480 controls...

..Severe renal dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between renal function and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a middle-aged population-based cohort...

..The observed changes may predispose to insulin resistance and significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in later life...

..The observed gender difference in the association between IGF-I concentrations and carotid artery atherosclerosis warrants further study. The GH1 1169A allele may be associated with a favourable metabolic profile...

..However, SNP-501 A>C genotype distribution seems to be different in subjects having the highest compared with those with the lowest ghrelin levels, and the SNP may be associated with BMI and waist circumference...

..We examined the association of resistin with metabolic syndrome and its components in a population-based cohort...

..Furthermore, the association of the polymorphisms and PTP1B and leptin receptor (LepR) gene-gene interactions with complications of type 2 diabetes were examined in type 2 diabetic patients...

..Interactions between IUGR and postnatal fructose diet were observed in adult weight in males.Conclusion:These results demonstrate the importance of IUGR and fructose diet in adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism...

..Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics are related to overweight. In addition, a correlation was observed between low adiponectin and large muscle fiber size and this was not dependent on the amount of total fatness...

..The aim of this study was to characterize two polymorphisms of LEPR, Lys109Arg (rs1137100) and Gln223Arg (rs1137101), as risk factors for early atherosclerosis. This connection has not been studied before...

..We wanted to investigate the role of adiponectin as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MS) and see how the plasma adiponectin levels relate to new criteria of MS proposed by the International Diabetes Federation...

..Studies on the effect of occupational burnout (exhaustive fatigue, cynicism, and lost occupational self-respect caused by chronic work stress) on eating behavior are lacking...

..However, the liver also plays a central role in maintaining energy balance. We wanted to study the effects of a hypocaloric diet on overall hepatic gene expression and metabolic risk factors...

..The aims of this study were to clarify the association between ghrelin and IGF-I concentrations in a large cohort and to characterize whether obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes affect this association...

..The prevalence of the missense Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and its association with macroangiopathy were also determined...

..Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which has been shown to associate with obesity, hypertension and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in cross-sectional studies...

..18 to 4.63) and OR, 2.01 (95% CI, 1.06 to 3.83), respectively). This study showed that even a minor deterioration in renal function is associated with increased risk of non-dipping pattern in ABPM in a random middle-aged population...

..Further studies will be needed to confirm if this change in telomere length can serve as a tool for assessing the risk of ascending aortic aneurysm...

..The results suggest that sequence variation in the resistin gene is involved in the adaptation to chronic positive energy balance...

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..The plasma high adiponectin concentration is independently associated with low daytime systolic ABP value. The mechanisms may include effects on endothelial function and the sympathetic nervous system...

..Independent of metabolic status, low plasma testosterone seems to be an indicator of impaired maximal exercise capacity and cardiac hypertrophy among CAD patients with type II diabetes...

..We, therefore, characterized the association between ghrelin concentration and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population-based cohort of 1024 middle-aged (40-60 years) men and women...

..These findings provide new information on the role of adipsin on individual differences in response to chronically elevated food intake...

..Low adiponectin levels have been associated with high body mass index, low insulin sensitivity, and diabetes...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and the lipoprotein profile in non-dialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..Resistin has been found to increase insulin resistance, a key feature in Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether resistin polymorphisms are associated with Type 2 diabetes and its clinical characteristics...

..In an attempt to identify novel factors, we performed a gene expression profiling study of placental tissue from women with and without pre-eclampsia...

..The evaluation of liquorice consumption habits is warranted when initiating thiazide medications to avoid the excessive risk of hypokalaemia associated with the combined use of low-dose liquorice and thiazide diuretics...

..Human FcgammaRIIa receptor (CD32) plays a crucial role in the phagocytosis of IgG(2) ICs and a functional point mutation 131His/Arg diminishes IgG(2) binding to the receptor...

..Gene-gene interactions between the PTPN1 and leptin receptor genes contributed to the phenotypic variability of insulin sensitivity. The PTPN1 Pro387Leu variant was associated with lower glucose tolerance...

..In conclusion, adiponectin DNA sequence variations might play a role in the complications of morbid obesity and should be further investigated...

..Additional work in an independent sample is needed to verify the linkages for baseline AVF as well as the response measures...

..43 to 0.53, and account for 18% to 28% of the variance in the response to overfeeding. The results suggest that an elevated skeletal muscle oxidative capacity plays a protective role in the response to long-term positive energy balance...

..Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with lowered blood levels in obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We sought to define the specific effects of different alleles of the gene encoding adiponectin...

..Associations between preproghrelin DNA variants and obesity-related phenotypes were studied in 3004 subjects from the Québec Family Study (QFS), the HERITAGE Family Study (HERITAGE), and the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study...

..Similar interaction was observed in blacks (P = 0.046). Variations in the LEP and LEPR genes are associated with the magnitude of the effects of regular exercise on glucose homeostasis in nondiabetic individuals...

..3-kb(-) subjects with overfeeding, suggesting more unfavorable metabolic changes compared with the 3.3-kb(+) subjects...

..This association might reflect variations in melanocortin expression and/or activity, because exon 3 contains, among others, the coding sequences for melanocortins...

..In conclusion, our results do not support the prevailing notion that sequence variation in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene is a frequent cause of human obesity...

..3. Several genes encoding enzymes of the steroid biosynthesis pathways but also other potential candidate genes were located in the vicinity of the genomic regions showing evidence of linkage in this genomic scan...

..However, more prospective studies are needed in order to further clarify these associations and the mechanisms of action...

..Impairment in HR variability is associated with changes in common coronary risk variables and with a progression of CAD...

..Shoulder pain is prevalent and a common cause of disability at work and daily activities. Some studies suggest an association between risk factors of atherosclerosis and shoulder pain and disorders...