M Uhari

..Xylitol has antiadhesive effects on Streptococcus pneumoniae and inhibits its growth, and has also been found to be effective in preventing acute otitis media and has been used in intensive care as a valuable source of energy...

..Lectures are good for presenting information and providing explanations, but because they lack active participation they have been neglected...

..Xylitol appears to be an attractive alternative to prevent acute otitis media. A more practical frequency of doses should be found before its use can be widely recommended...

..Child care outside the home increases children's infections substantially. We have to evaluate the possibilities for reducing the transmission of infections by an infection prevention program...

..It is difficult to obtain reliable date on the rate of adverse reactions caused by drugs in general use. Yet it would be important to compile data on adverse reactions to long-term antimicrobial therapy...

..Thus, it seems that xylitol is the only commercially used sugar substitute proven to have an antimicrobial effect on pneumococci...

..Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may influence the development of recurrent wheezing and atopy, but the mechanisms are unclear...

..OM leads to considerable expenses and even expensive preventive measures would be cost-effective...

..The symptoms related to acute otitis media, however, are considered nonspecific...

..We hypothesized that screening all children who are hospitalized for an acute infection with troponin-I (TnI) would reveal myocarditis cases and performed a prospective screening study...

..To determine whether recurrences of urinary tract infection can be prevented with cranberry-lingonberry juice or with Lactobacillus GG drink. Design: Open, randomised controlled 12 month follow up trial...

..Reported viral hospital-associated infection (HAI) frequencies have ranged from 1% to 24% between paediatric wards and hospitals. Reasons for this variation remain unclear...

..We evaluate here the association of nasopharyngeal dimensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the occurrence of AOM in otherwise healthy children...

..04). It appears that the effect of CLJ in preventing UTIs is not explained by mechanisms that reduce biofilm formation or the expression of selected virulence genes of Escherichia coli in urine...

..Viral infections are common causes of hospital-associated infections (HAIs) in paediatric patients, with most of these infections only becoming evident after discharge...

..Differences supporting these dietary findings were similarly found in the serum fatty acid data. CONCLUSION: The diet of the atopic children differed from that of the nonatopic children in the consumption of polyunsaturated fat...

..A schedule with the same single doses given less frequently could be clinically effective in preventing otitis media...

..Neither the mean colony-forming unit counts nor the PCR counts differed statistically significant between the xylitol and control groups. Thus, we found that xylitol had no significant effect on pneumococcal mucosal colonisation...

..7; 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2). CONCLUSION: Dietary habits seem to be an important risk factor for UTI recurrence in fertile women, and dietary guidance could be a first step toward prevention...

..Febrile infections in children with leukemia are common. The occurrence of possible mixed bacterial-viral infections is unknown...

..However, insulin does not enhance the rise in blood pressure...

..2% and that of otitis media with effusion 3.9%. CONCLUSION: We conclude that active diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media practically eliminates such middle ear effusion that could cause significant hearing impairment...

..The reported low occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in the general population seems implausible. We wanted to test the hypothesis that reflux is more common and more independent of urinary-tract infection than has previously been thought...

..The number of febrile episodes is the only risk factor that can be influenced by preventive measures. The time being, we can reassure parents on the benign nature of febrile seizures...

..We wanted to find out whether Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from UTI patients differ in their ability to form biofilms and whether this ability is associated with the clinical presentation of UTI...

..Although the common genetic variation of ACE may influence blood pressure in male children and adolescents, our data do not suggest a role for the common variation of the angiotensinogen gene as a BP regulator during childhood...

..These changes indicate impaired sinus functioning and may increase the risk of bacterial sinusitis...

..Sinus image abnormalities are common among children examined for indications other than sinus disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sinus abnormalities among otherwise healthy children attending school...

..005 and P = 0.04, respectively). Contrary to the earlier experimental studies, we found that viruses cause accumulation of T and B lymphocytes and mast cells during the first days of a symptomatic naturally acquired respiratory infection...

..It has been claimed that an early respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can induce asthma and recurrent wheezing...

..To evaluate whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is more common in patients with diabetes than among control subjects. In addition, we wanted to clarify the clinical significance of ASB in patients with diabetes...

..This challenges the recommendations of routine VCUG after UTI...

..5% vs. 20.3% for consumption and 4.8% vs. 4.9% for reimbursement. These differences were insignificant. In conclusion exposure to a RSV epidemic in infancy does not increase the consumption of asthma medicines at the population level...

..To evaluate the effect of successful prevention of common infections in child day care centers on the later development of allergic diseases...

..Alcohol hand gels (AHG) have been used by children in child day care centers (CDCCs) to prevent the transmission of microbes. Because parents and personnel have been concerned about the safety of AHGs, we conducted a trial to assess this...

..We conclude that the clinical presentation of pneumococcal disease did not differ in relation to biofilm formation in vitro, even though there was marked variation between the clinical isolates and serotypes...

..Holarctica-type tularemia is endemic in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite recurrent epidemics tularemia is not well known in children and the pediatric cases are often misdiagnosed...

..One reason for this recommendation is to prevent the complications of sinus infection. We wanted to find out whether there is any evidence to support this...

..However, there is no reason to expect that children would be different from adults in this respect. In this review, we discuss the dietary factors affecting the susceptibility to UTI...

..These experiences suggest that the model of peer consultation adds new flavour, increasing enthusiasm in problem-based learning...

..As regular administration of xylitol had been effective in preventing acute otitis media (AOM) in children, we tested whether xylitol administered only at times of acute respiratory infection (ARI) reduces the occurrence of AOM...

..The main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and spontaneous resolution of paranasal sinus abnormalities in children with acute respiratory infection using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

..We were interested in studying cranberry juice in children since many children with recurrent UTI need long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis and would benefit from an alternative...

..To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in children who presented in medical care with respiratory infection and had imaging evidence of sinusitis...

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..Disappearance of middle ear effusion is one of the most important outcomes in the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM)...

..This finding might explain why there is less atopic sensitization in countries with a greater probability of acquiring RSV infection at an early age...

..To evaluate the association between pacifier use and the increased occurrence of acute otitis media (AOM) in an intervention trial...

..According to our data, valid clinical guidelines are effective in changing clinical practice...

..Since the vast majority of UTI recurrences occur within 6 months of the first UTI, routine follow-up for 6 months seems to be sufficient after symptomatic UTI in children with grade 3-5 VUR...

..We evaluated whether the symptoms and signs and radiologic findings during a common cold are similar in patients who have and have not suffered from recurrent sinusitis...

..Eight percent of the patients in our ward, where alcohol hand gel is actively used and single rooms are common, developed an HAI. Eighty percent of the HAIs appeared at home, which emphasises the importance of post-discharge follow-up...

..The aim was to evaluate the trends in childhood mortality in Finland from 1969 to 2004. We especially wanted to find out whether the decline in mortality is continuous and whether there are still deaths that could be prevented...

..The observed changes in the polysaccharide capsule and the cell wall of pneumococci could affect the adherence and virulence of pneumococci, explaining the good clinical efficacy of xylitol in the prevention of acute otitis media...

..To find a more convenient dosing regimen, we tested whether xylitol administered 3 times a day reduces the occurrence of AOM...

..We carried out a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to clarify the effect of tonsillectomy on the clinical course of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome...

..To evaluate the efficacy of different antipyretic agents and their highest recommended doses for preventing febrile seizures...

..To analyze the efficacy of barbiturate anesthesia in the treatment of intractable epilepsies in childhood...

..CONCLUSION: The occurrence of MTS following even prolonged febrile seizures is an uncommon event, confirming the good clinical outcome of febrile seizures...

..To evaluate the efficacy of adenoidectomy compared with long term chemoprophylaxis and placebo in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children aged between 10 months and 2 years...

..We evaluated the efficacy of medical and surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children by means of a meta-analysis, using the recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal growth and renal scarring as endpoints...

..Respiratory viruses occur frequently in the community and are a common cause of fever in children. Data on respiratory viral infections in children with cancer are limited...

..The effect of the maternal flora on the initial gut colonization may be less than expected as the fecal flora of infants started to resemble both the fecal flora of the mother as well as that of the first nurse...

..We evaluated the existing decision rules and developed our own decision rule for use with pediatric patients having head injuries to see how good they are for identifying serious complications...

..5 (95% CI 0.2, 1.0, P = 0.04). Family history appeared to be an exceptionally strong predictive factor for croup and its recurrence. In this patient series prone to respiratory infections recurrence of croup was common...

..Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during childhood and adolescence may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis later in life...