J Tiihonen

..Our aim was to establish the long-term contribution of antipsychotic drugs to mortality in such patients...

..The majority of drug addicts are polydrug dependent, and no effective pharmacological treatment is currently available for them. The authors studied the overall real-world effectiveness of naltrexone implant in this patient population...

..Polypharmacy is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, although it is believed to have major adverse effects on the well-being of patients...

..Results obtained from brain imaging studies indicate that serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) densities are altered in major depression. However, no such studies have been published on current mania or hypomania...

..We tested the hypothesis that topiramate is more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia when combined with ongoing antipsychotic medication...

..In this study, premorbid intellectual ability was investigated in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychoses...

..It is unknown if antidepressant treatment is associated with either increased or decreased risk of suicide...

..To study the association between prescribed antipsychotic drugs and outcome in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in the community...

..3% (95% CI 2.3-25.7%). The results indicate that the COMT polymorphism contributes significantly to the development of late-onset alcoholism...

..To date, evidence on the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments has remained modest, and no pharmacotherapy has proven effective for amphetamine dependence...

..The authors examined the risk of rehospitalization and drug discontinuation in a nationwide cohort of 2,588 consecutive patients hospitalized for the first time with a diagnosis of schizophrenia between 2000 and 2007 in Finland...

..Offenders with psychopathy showed the smallest volumes in these areas. The larger volumes in posterior brain areas may reflect atypical neurodevelopmental processes that underlie early-onset persistent antisocial and aggressive behavior...

..We aimed to study the efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia...

..Late onset type 1 alcoholism has been suggested to be associated with an underlying dopaminergic defect. Therefore, it is relevant to study both postsynaptic D2-receptor and presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) densities among alcoholics...

..In addition, in young violent offenders there was no normal left-to-right asymmetry observed in control subjects of the same age. The normalisation of the left-to-right asymmetry may reflect late neurobiological maturation...

..Our results suggest that such a reduction may result in the chronic overuse of alcohol as an attempt to stimulate DA function...

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..The findings confirm the suitability of [(123)I]PE2I for SPET imaging in clinical routine but emphasize the necessity of using age-matched controls in patient studies...

..Previous studies have shown that type I alcoholism is more common among subjects with low activity COMT genotype (LL), compared with high activity (HH) or heterozygotic (LH) genotypes...

..89+/-0.19 vs. 1.10+/-0.19; P<0.05). The results suggest that the specific binding of dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in late type 1 alcoholics is decreased and its laterality in the temporal brain is altered from normal...

..The purpose of the study was to examine the quantitative risk of criminal behavior associated with specific mental disorders...

..The results are consistent with the general hypothesis that high regional heterogeneity of perfusion, metabolism and receptor density is necessary to maintain adaptation ability in the living organism...

..There is evidence that abnormalities in brain dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin metabolism may play an important role in binge eating. Serotonin-active antidepressant drugs have also been found to decrease binge eating...

..The results suggest that the reversed asymmetry is associated with the higher severity of general psychopathological symptoms...

..According to the present data, fentanyl decreases [123I]beta-CIT binding in the basal ganglia both in human and rats, suggesting that opiates possibly directly affect DA reuptake...

..Recognition of the normal variation in heterogeneity is important in evaluation of the striatal dopamine transporter density between controls and patients suffering from various neuropsychiatric disorders...

..47; P<0.05) was found in the midbrain. The decline in [123I]nor-beta-CIT binding in the serotonin transporter-rich area is much less than that in dopamine transporters in the striatum (6% per decade)...

..This review highlights recent findings in SPET receptor imaging and the use of fractal analysis in the interpretation of images representing various neuropsychiatric disorders...

..These data suggest that the stress of social defeat may have sensitised the machinery involved in dopamine release to ethanol, a process that may increase the reinforcing properties of this compound...

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..A secondary hypothesis was that the seasonal variations in homicides and violent suicides are correlated...

..These data indicate that human whole hemisphere autoradiography with the analysis of binding heterogeneity may be a relevant tool to measure pathological processes in the brain...

..Furthermore, the dopamine transporter is a fruitful target for CNS drug discovery. Fundamental nature of drug actions in vivo may be studied using demonstrated in vitro and in vivo imaging methods...

..Left hemisphere and its frontal and pre-frontal regions could thus play a role in binge eating behavior in humans...

..In contrast, significantly higher activations in frontal motor, premotor and anterior cingulate regions were observed in the Sz+APD+SUD group than in the Sz-only group...

..These data are at odds with the previous reports on hippocampal volume loss in first-episode schizophrenia, and with the hypothesis of regionally specific hippocampal volume deficit in schizophrenia...

..86 to -0.90) and negative (r from -0.37 to -0.55) schizophrenic symptoms. These results support the previous hypothesis on dysfunction of mesocortical DA function behind the cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia...

..These findings imply alterations in arousal and involuntary adaptive processes in cortical networks associated with violent behaviour and alcoholism...

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..We conclude that the availability of a readily-releasable pool of DA in presynaptic terminals determined the pattern of dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens during ICSS in mice...

..These results in the large sample of non-alcoholic males are also opposite to some previous findings on the higher A1 allele frequency among alcoholic populations...

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..Previous literature indicates that this behavioral trait may be associated with body size. The present study investigated the association between body sizes at different ages and committing violent crimes in adulthood...

..These traits may be related to serotonergic regulation in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex...

..These preliminary results suggest a differential monoaminergic imbalance in type 1 and 2 alcoholism in brain areas important for the regulation of motivation, reward, and reinforcement...

..Follow-up studies are needed to confirm if abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism can be used to predict violent offending over the course of the APD offender's life span...

..No correlation with depression severity was found. These findings indicate that SERT availability in the midbrain area is reduced in depression, and that interindividual variation is considerable in both patients and controls...

..However, there exist neither published data on the quantitative risk for crime or violent offending among parents of violent offenders, nor data on the transmission of the increased prevalence of crime across three generations...

..Previous studies have suggested differences in seasonal variation of violent and non-violent suicides, but seasonal distribution of the specific methods of suicide is less clear...

..78 to -0.92). These observations implicate altered dopaminergic activity in the midbrain of schizophrenic patients...

..Atypical depression (ATD) has been suggested to be connected to decreased serotonergic transmission, but no studies have been published on the association between brain serotonin transporter density and ATD...

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..The effect of psychotherapy on neurotransmitter transporter functions has never been recorded in depressed subjects...

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..Since MAOA is X-linked, the heterozygotes are probable cases of Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) suggesting that X-chromosome aneuploidy may increase the risk for developing type 2 alcoholism...

..Moreover, no significant correlations between any of the volumes and the degree of psychopathy were found...

..The TC level seems to be a peripheral marker with prognostic value among boys with conduct disorder and antisocial male offenders...

..However, low striatum [123I] nor-beta-CIT binding, a marker of DAT binding, may be associated with a longer illness duration in dysthymia...

..Dopaminergic abnormalities may be present in the temporal cortices of major depressives...

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..Although type 1 alcoholics have been reported to have up to 36% lower striatal dopamine transporter levels than controls, the results suggest that the density of their dopaminergic nerve terminals is not altered...

..The aim of this study was to investigate, in a nationwide cohort of suicidal schizophrenic individuals, how the risks of suicide, severe suicide attempts and death are associated with usage of antidepressant or antipsychotic treatment...

..12; df = 1, 14; p = 0.013). These results indicate that recovery from depression is associated with an increase in (123)I-beta-CIT binding in the midbrain...

..The physiological effects of emotions are mediated to autonomic nervous system by the hypothalamus, also innervated by the serotonergic Raphe nuclei...

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..However, these results especially regarding aging effect must be considered as preliminary due to the different age-range of type 2 alcoholics compared to two other groups...

..However, the suggestion that schizophrenia is related to abnormal volumes of the lateral cerebellum is not supported...

..Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the control of eating behaviour by inhibiting food intake. Obese women with binge-eating disorder (OB-BED) were recently found to have reduced 5-HT transporter binding...

..The fourth possible category, "APD + MMD but no SUD," was not found. The prevention of severe violence by persons with MMD necessitates effective treatments for those with dual diagnosis who also have a history of APD...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that brain 5-HT(1A) receptor binding is increased in several cortical areas in patients with bulimia nervosa during their state of impulsive binge eating...

..No significant correlations were found between the amygdaloid volumes and either the duration of the disease or the symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS:Amygdaloid volume anomalies are already present in the early phases of schizophrenia...

..The results are in line with previous experimental data suggesting that excessive glutamate neurotransmission contributes to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia...

..Moreover, WHA provides a useful tool for detailed mapping of neuronal receptors in healthy as well as diseased brain, and can also be used in radioligand development for PET...

..79, p=0.035). This study failed to demonstrate an altered functional activity of 5-HTT in patients with GAD when compared with controls...

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..Furthermore, dorsal striatal DAT may be more vulnerable to age-related decline than DAT in NAC. This is supported by the notion that DAT in NAC and dorsal striatum have different molecular weights...

..Altered function of 5-HTT appears to be related to the clinical status of patients. Clinical improvement in the patients in remission is associated with normalization of 5-HTT binding...

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..The results are interpreted to suggest that CD is a distinct co-morbid disorder that runs parallel to the course of schizophrenia...

..Normalization of SERT binding at the midbrain level was found on 12-month follow-up. Major alleviation of depressive symptoms assessed by rating scales was evident only six months after SERT normalization...

..This volume loss did not correlate with items on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest early involvement of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia...

..Particularly the amount of occupational outdoor exposure could show differences in the distribution of suicides by season and the selection of suicide method, in addition to age at the time of death...

..These results demonstrate the possible genetically driven variation in the response of the left PCC to visual presentation of food in humans...

..Low to moderate doses of venlafaxine did not seem to have any significant effect on clozapine plasma levels...

..The calendar effect was adjusted only in 11 studies. Some recommendations concerning the methodological and reporting issues are summarized for future articles on the seasonal affect on suicides...

..The distribution pattern obtained in this study supports the involvement of this receptor subtype in affective behavior and cognition...

..To evaluate the efficacy of glutamatergic drugs, acting agonistically on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or the non-NMDA receptors, in schizophrenia...