O T Raitakari

..To investigate the effects of stanol ester margarine use in healthy subjects on arterial compliance, endothelial function and intima-media thickness...

..We used computational methods to estimate apoB and apoA1 from serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and tested their clinical value in comparison to measured apoB and apoA1 values...

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..The purpose of this randomized controlled cross-over study was to determine whether moderate doses of cognac improve coronary reactivity as assessed with cold pressor testing (CPT) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) measurement...

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..The present study aims to examine the interactive effect of acute mental stress-induced cardiac reactivity/recovery and endothelial function on the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis...

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..Common genetic variants in the nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein gene (NOS1AP) and in the HERG potassium channel gene (KCNH2) have been associated with cardiac repolarization in middle-aged and elderly subjects...

..Exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during childhood and adolescence may be associated with the development of atherosclerosis later in life...

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..These results are consistent with the idea that enhanced ox-LDL may be one of the pathophysiological events related to development of atherosclerosis in men with borderline elevated blood pressure...

..This review outlines the current status of markers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly those related to vasomotor control, as well as circulating markers of vascular health...

..We examined whether exposure to large pulse pressure in childhood predicts carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood...

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..Early childhood introduction of nutritional habits aimed at atherosclerosis prevention reduces children's serum total cholesterol concentration, but its effect on vascular endothelial function is unknown...

..This study was undertaken to examine the relation of in vivo low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and other lipid risk factors to coronary reactivity in normal subjects...

..The promotion of physical activity is important in childhood in preventing obesity and premature cardiovascular disease...

..The results imply early impairment of coronary vascular reactivity in IDDM patients, which may represent an early precursor of future coronary heart disease or may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy...

..These observations suggest that endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherosclerosis and that the status of systemic endothelial function may modify the association between risk factors and atherosclerosis...

..We examined the association between breast feeding in infancy and arterial function and structure in adulthood in a population-based cohort of Finnish adults...

..In conclusion, the ACE I/D polymorphism does not seem to affect myocardial reactivity--an early indicator of atherosclerosis--in healthy subjects...

..Subjects with family origin in eastern Finland had greater carotid IMT and lower brachial FMD compared with western subjects, suggesting that hereditable factors play a role in excess atherosclerosis risk in eastern Finland...

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..We examined the effect of lifetime glycaemic exposure on coronary vasoreactivity in 43 otherwise healthy Type 1 diabetic subjects...

..Low educational level is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between education and common cardiovascular risk factors in young adults...

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..To examine cardiovascular risk factor levels in 2007 and their 6-year changes between 2001 and 2007 using the data collected in the follow-ups of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study...

..The current study demonstrates for the first time an in vivo association between ox-LDL and arterial elasticity suggesting that oxidative modification of LDL may play a role in the alteration of arterial wall elastic properties...

..These results support efforts for a reduction of conventional risk factors both in childhood and adulthood in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis...

..We examined whether diabetic background retinopathy is associated with reduced coronary vasoreactivity in people with Type 1 diabetes...

..However, individual variation in the response to therapy was large and the results suggest that the success of the therapy may depend on the degree of cardiac hypertrophy...

..This paper reviews recent findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study looking at the relationships between risk factors identified in childhood, including obesity, and arterial structure/function assessed in adulthood...

..These findings offer insight into the mechanism whereby chronic Cpn infection may increase the risk of coronary heart disease...

..In Sweden, CHD risk has been markedly lower than in Finland from where a large migration occurred in the 1970s...

..Leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are increased in inflammation, and both have been linked to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases...

..This improvement is related to the reduction in plasma glucose concentration. These observations suggest that changes in glucose metabolism may determine endothelial vasodilatory function in obesity...

..007 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Young healthy adults with family history of CHD have increased carotid IMT. This is partly explained by their increased vulnerability to metabolic risk factors...

..6, p=0.02), while the brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was similar (5.9%+/-3.9% vs 4.5%+/-3.6%, p=0.27). Thus, inFabry disease, myocardial perfusion reserve is reduced while the peripheral artery endothelial function is preserved...

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..57; p = 0.04). Thus, abnormal myocardial perfusion characterizes patients with IDC. Myocardial perfusion reserve and peripheral endothelial function do not parallel each other in patients with IDC...

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..Currently, we followed diabetes patients to investigate, if the Pro7 allele is associated with the inflammation related to atherosclerosis...

..95). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood CRP values predict weakly but significantly adult CRP, and this association is independent of other metabolic risk factors. Unlike conventional risk factors, however, childhood CRP does not predict adult IMT...

..610 mm versus 0.627 mm, respectively. We conclude that being obese in youth is associated with increased carotid IMT in adulthood, but this relationship is explained by significant tracking of body mass from youth to adulthood...

..Our objective was to examine whether obesity is associated with asthma in three time points of life, and whether immunomodulatory adipokines, leptin and adiponectin are linked to overweight-associated asthma...

..4. These data provide a new equation for estimation of resting muscle blood flow in normal subjects, and demonstrate that muscle blood flow is the primary determinant of resting blood flow in man...

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..In the present study, we examined the effects of dyslipidemias from childhood to adulthood and their interaction with nonlipid risk factors on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis...

..A controlled study is needed to test whether beneficial changes are obtained in subjects with initially reduced arterial elasticity and endothelial function...

..Prospective studies are needed to determine whether Pro7 substitution is associated with increased or decreased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality...

..As the determinants of arterial wall thickness in childhood are unknown, we assessed the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on CIMT in 8-year-old children...

..We evaluated the relations of conventional risk factors and MetS to the 6-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population of young adults...

..Young males seem to be physically more active than females...

..Neurological development of the intervention children at age 5 y was at least as good as that of the control children. Counselling had no effect on children's growth...

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..33) than in others (0.28, P=.019). Our results imply that the fatty acid composition of the diet may be one of the environmental factors that influence the hyperapoB phenotype expression...

..01). These data suggest that elevated Lp(a) levels do not confer cardiovascular risk by contributing to the early functional or structural changes of atherosclerosis...

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..This study was undertaken to determine whether endurance training is associated with changes in myocardial perfusion in humans...

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..To gain insight into the effects of ADMA on systemic endothelial function, we examined the association between ADMA and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in a large population of young adults...

..Also brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid artery compliance (CAC) were determined to clarify their relation to this genetic factor...

..The aim was to investigate the effects of VLCD on adipose tissue regional glucose uptake (rGU) and perfusion and their association with adipokines...

..Reference values can be useful in the clinical management of patients, especially in detecting early vascular disease or an increased risk of cardiovascular complications...

..We also investigated the secular trend in the metabolic syndrome amongst 24-year-old adults from 1986 to 2001...

..This study examined the association between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), serum sex hormone levels, and andropausal symptoms in middle-aged men...

..To study the relations between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults...

..004), whereas high baseline ADMA (> or = median) was associated with no increase in adenosine-induced flow...

..We hypothesized that if chlamydial infection is causative of atherosclerosis, the occurrence of antibodies against C. pneumoniae should be associated with coronary vasomotor dysfunction - an early sign of atherosclerosis...

..It is not known whether the association of the alpha(2B)-AR polymorphism with endothelial function is direct, or is mediated via altered sympathetic activation...

..These data suggest that risk factors operating in early life may have sustained deleterious effects on arterial elasticity...

..These data also suggest that increased oxidative modification of LDL may be related to early structural atherosclerotic vascular changes in children with diabetes...

..The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effect of low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol dietary counseling on fat intakes, growth, serum cholesterol values, and pubertal development in children and adolescents...

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..Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations indicate increased risk of future coronary events. The association between hsCRP and coronary vasoreactivity has not yet been examined in type 1 diabetic subjects...

..We now review recent studies that deal with the effects of fetal and childhood nutrition on serum lipid values, and discuss the likelihood that clinically meaningful changes of atherosclerosis may appear earlier than expected...

..Because atherosclerosis begins in childhood, we examined the correlates of nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) in children, including brachial artery endothelial function, oxidized LDL, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT)...

..These results show that the increased fatty acid uptake found in the hearts of obese patients can be reversed by weight loss...

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..This review summarises the recent key findings in this study, with special reference to the correlation of androgen levels with sexual symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors...

..Exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with markers of preclinical atherosclerosis in adults, but its effect on arterial structure in adolescents is unknown...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether apolipoproteins (apo) B and A-I measured in childhood and adolescence predict atherosclerosis in adulthood...

..Obese youths may be susceptible to develop the metabolic syndrome (MS) later in life...

..To study the utility of risk scores in the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults...

..Children with persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may be at increased risk for atherosclerosis. The impact of antimicrobial therapy for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is unsolved...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the associations between childhood risk factors and carotid artery intima-media thickness, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis...

..We examined whether spontaneous recovery from MetS (according to the International Diabetes Federation definition) has a favorable effect on vascular properties and evaluated the associations between lifestyle factors and MetS recovery...

..36; r = 0.19, p = 0.01). In conclusion, ultrasound measurements tracked low to moderate over 6-years and was influenced by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor status...

..We examined whether the association between carotid atherosclerosis and MetS in a population of young adults is mediated by apoB and apoA-I and/or by inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and type II secretory phospholipase A2...

..The aim of this study is to evaluate whether childhood risk factors are associated with a 6-year change in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young adulthood independent of the current risk factors...

..When studying endothelial function in children with the use of the noninvasive ultrasound method, several brachial artery diameter measurements up to 120 s after cuff release are needed to determine the true FMD peak response...

..We examined the association between circulating leptin concentration and coronary vasoreactivity in young obese and nonobese males...

..We also looked for factors increasing probability of Cpn seropositivity in children...

..The role of decreasing testosterone levels influencing lipid metabolism in aging men is not well established...

..The purpose of this randomized controlled cross-over study was to determine the acute effects of high doses of alcoholic beverages on circulating markers related to atherosclerosis and fibrinolysis...

..Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage in adults, but its effect on endothelial function in children is unknown...

..6 to 8.2%), suggesting good reproducibility. This study demonstrates that TTE can be used to assess changes in both epicardial coronary artery diameter and flow velocity simultaneously in the distal LAD artery...