E Kajantie

..Most studies have used a general intelligence score. We studied whether three different subscores of intellectual ability predict these disorders...

..We studied whether body size at birth and underlying factors including severely preterm birth predict LTL in adult life...

..Preterm birth at very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500g) has a multitude of consequences that extend to adult life, including altered stress responsiveness which could affect the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms...

..Data on the importance of postnatal growth is, however scanty. We studied whether pre- and postnatal growth up to 56 months is associated with symptoms of ADHD in children...

..Thus, we tested whether preterm birth and small body size at birth adjusted for gestational age are independently associated with symptoms of ADHD in children...

..Studies in humans and animals have suggested intrauterine programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) function as an important mechanism in linking fetal life conditions with adult disease...

..This will be a crucial step when the associations that are currently emerging will be translated into disease prevention...

..The relationships of early growth with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes have received considerable attention. It is not known whether fetal or childhood growth is linked with autoimmune disorders...

..Although an association with baseline or ACTH-stimulated cortisol was not seen, possible relationships with other components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remain to be determined...

..Studying this hypothesis may have a fundamental impact on our understanding about how adult health is set during early life and how adult disease could be prevented in men and women...

..We tested the hypothesis that this path of growth is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile in later life...

..We believe that important future directions include focusing on specific early life exposures as predictors and on stress response in everyday life as an outcome...

..This review will discuss programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function as one of the best characterised examples of such mechanisms...

..We studied the tempo of first leaving the parental home and starting cohabitation with an intimate partner and sexual experience of young adults with very low birth weight (<1500 g)...

..We hypothesized that pre-eclampsia would lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring...

..People who score poorly in intellectual ability tests have shorter life expectancy. A study was undertaken to determine whether this association is different in people from different socioeconomic backgrounds...

..To study the effects of very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) birth on physical activity, an important protective and modifiable factor...

..The association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes is well established. We studied whether preterm birth carries a similar risk...

..Our aim was to study the relationship between small size at birth and all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality, which has been poorly documented...

..We suggest that these findings reflect interactions between genotype and intrauterine environment with resulting changes in gene expression...

..Adiponectin may play an important role in regulating fetal growth and explaining its links to the metabolic syndrome and its consequences during adult life...

..Our aim was to assess whether HPAA activity in everyday living circumstances is related to the metabolic syndrome and size at birth...

..Thus, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and the phosphorylation status of IGFBP-1 in circulation are likely to be involved in growth regulation during the postnatal period in VLBW infants...

..Family history was negative. Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon feature in multiple malformation syndromes and may thus serve as a diagnostic handle for recognizing other possible patients with a similar syndrome...

..The mother used bisoprolol, naproxen and sumatriptan for migraine until the fifth postmenstrual week of pregnancy. We suggest that this patient's features represent a previously undescribed entity of as yet unknown aetiology...

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..We studied whether serum adiponectin is related to insulin sensitivity in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women...

..We studied whether CV reactivity, a predictor of CV disease risk, is associated with childhood growth trajectories...

..Finally, the regulation of IGFBP-1 by glucocorticoids may be divergent in situations with a high or low insulin concentration...

..The aim of this study was to examine the effects of early growth on the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in normal-weight individuals...

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..Although obesity is the key characteristic of the metabolic syndrome, not all obese individuals develop the syndrome. Our aim was to identify characteristics of early growth that protect these individuals from the metabolic syndrome...

..Trait anxiety may predispose to anxiety disorders and cardiovascular events. We tested whether prenatal growth or postnatal growth from birth to 11 years of age and in adulthood predict trait anxiety in late adulthood...

..This phenomenon may be important in linking smaller body size at birth to adult CV disease...

..Cord blood PINP and ICTP reflect both fetal growth and maturity and deserve evaluation as potential indicators of postnatal growth velocity in preterm infants, whereas PIIINP reflects fetal maturity...

..We studied whether pre-eclampsia predicts depressive symptoms in offspring...

..28 to 1.57). We conclude that 2 different paths of childhood growth precede the development of hypertension. We suggest that they lead to hypertension through different biological mechanisms and may respond differently to medication...

..We examined how birth weight was related to adult body size, body composition and grip strength...

..We studied fetal and childhood growth patterns that are associated with IGT and type 2 diabetes in adult life...

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..Early life experiences might have long-term effects on health...

..Whether these conditions are associated with early postnatal adrenal insufficiency or long-term cardiovascular risk remains an important issue for further study...

..Prospective studies should address whether this group is susceptible to type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis...

..We set out to study reasons for this discrepancy by examining the relationship between adult HPA axis function and birthweight and body proportions at birth in a group of elderly subjects with detailed birth records...

..This could be due to early hormonal and metabolic programming, during plastic periods in early life, influencing blood pressure levels in adult life...

..We consider other differential diagnoses and suggest that the patient represents a hitherto undescribed syndrome...

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..The most robust of these indicators is the ICTP/PINP ratio, which may thus serve as a clinical tool in assessing short-term growth of these infants...

..We examined whether small body size at birth and prenatal tobacco or alcohol exposure predict poor sleep and more sleep disturbances in children...

..The relation between the change in body mass index (BMI) through childhood and body composition in adult life is important because body composition is known to affect adult health...

..It is concluded that this amount of occupational therapy in ELBW infants does not have any detectable effect on long-term neurological development...

..We hypothesized that VLBW is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in adulthood...

..We assessed core neurocognitive abilities (processing speed, working memory, attention, and learning capacity) in young adults with VLBW and in term-born control subjects...

..We hypothesized that, as compared with a matched control group born at term, young adults with very low birth weight (VLBW <1.5 kg) would have higher 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure...

..Neuroendocrine alterations, with well-known links with health, may offer insight into why poor sleep is associated with poor health. Yet, studies testing associations between sleep and neuroendocrine activity in children are scarce...

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..05). These effects appeared dose-related. Our findings lend support to prenatal 'programming' of HPAA function by overexposure to glucocorticoids...

..Little is known about the mental health outcomes of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) (< 1500 g) infants in young adulthood...

..Subjects born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) have as adults increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about their pubertal timing...

..These findings imply a critical role for LIN28B in the regulation of human growth...

..Adults born at a very low birth weight (VLBW) (< 1500 g), compared with those born at term, bear risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including higher blood pressure and insulin resistance...

..The finding is potentially important, since morningness is associated with beneficial health outcomes...

..There is a second critical period, specific for verbal development, between ages 2 and 7 years and a third critical period for all 3 tested outcomes during adolescence...

..009), was unrelated to total or any individual FFA concentration. We concluded that preeclamptic women have higher circulating FFA concentrations, which despite insulin resistance are suppressed by oral glucose loading...

..We investigated whether very low birth weight (<1500 g) is associated with the risk of sleep-disordered breathing in young adulthood...

..Those separated from their father because of the father's military assignment (n = 744) did not differ from those who were not separated...

..A common origin in suboptimal fetal and early postnatal life may lie beneath. This study tested whether prenatal and postnatal growth predicts hostility in adult life...

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..Relatively little is known about the significance of normal variation in objectively assessed sleep duration and its regularity in children's psychological well-being...

..Diabetes increases the risk for depression...

..Among elderly people with established hypertension, these processes have a strong effect on blood pressure levels, because they are processes that do not respond well to treatment...

..We assessed glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and measured serum lipid levels and blood pressure in young adults with very low birth weight...

..50, 95% CI 0.28-0.91). While education seems to protect from type 2 diabetes, we could not detect a connection between early intellectual ability and impairment in glucose regulation in later adulthood...

..Endostatin is an antiangiogenic growth factor. Together with proangiogenic growth factors it acts to shape the developing vasculature. Dysregulation of angiogenesis is a component in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia...

..The objective of our study was to evaluate whether short sleep is associated with behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 7- to 8-year-old children...

..The role of lymphocytes in RDS is less studied. Activation of lymphocytes could mediate chronic inflammation and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)...

..We have now extended these findings by examining the relationship between birthweight, gestational age and tests of adrenal suppression and stimulation...

..To study the effect of aspirin in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in high-risk women...

..The youngest sibling received aggressive modern respiratory intensive care, survived, and at 2 years showed no respiratory symptoms. Improved neonatal intensive care has implications for clinical decision making and genetic counseling...

..We hypothesized that intakes of fruits and vegetables would be positively associated with LTL and that intakes of fats, and especially saturated fatty acids (SFAs), would be negatively associated with LTL...

..The implications are relevant to the 9.2 million child refugees living throughout the world today...

..Today, the first generations of very low birth weight (VLBW <or= 1500 g) infants are entering adulthood but very little is known of their personality traits, associated with both psychopathological vulnerability and resilience...

..Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. It is uncertain how postnatal growth affects disease risk...

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..A non-optimal foetal environment, reflected in smaller birth size and shorter duration of gestation, is a risk factor for compromised health later in life...

..People who had low birth weight are at increased risk of stroke. Little is known about the effects of early postnatal growth on stroke risk...

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..To assess the relationship between very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) and quality and amount of sleep in young adults...

..Small body size at birth is associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adult life. This link may be in part mediated by early-life programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) function...

..In conclusion, MCNS is a multifactorial disease, in which genetics play a minor role. Allelic variants of the podocyte proteins may, however, modify the phenotype in occasional individuals...