Petro Julkunen

..In conclusion, EF(MT) can be used as a measure of corticospinal excitability instead of SI(MT) to reduce the effect of within-subject variation in CCD...

..This was performed to challenge the common assumption of time invariance of such amplitudes...

..This pilot study suggests that the method may provide a novel tool for examining the degree and progression of dementia...

..The development of cartilage repair materials could benefit from this information...

..Thereby, this study highlights the feasibility of a simple indentation analysis...

..These findings highlight how the results from mechanical tests of articular cartilage under different loading conditions are dependent upon tissue composition and structure...

..In summary, MEPs exhibit significant differences depending on whether navigation is used. However, the MTs are not significantly dependent on the discrete stimulation site...

..The electrode cap affects significantly the cortical MT measured as stimulation intensity making the comparison of MTs difficult with other studies not having used an electrode cap...

..These changes modulate the functional properties of cartilage. We studied maturation-related changes in the collagen network organization of cartilage as a function of tissue depth...

..This may be considered beneficial. However, exercise at a young age demonstrated adverse effects on cartilage at a later age with a significant increase in the incidence of osteoarthritis...

..To provide a new protocol for a simple determination of resting motor threshold (MT) and assessment of excitation-inhibition balance in motor cortex and pathways...

..We aimed at comparing the effects of two different electrode-to-skin contact preparation techniques on the stimulus artefact induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in electroencephalography (EEG) signals...

..These changes lead to alterations in the mechanical properties of cartilage. In the present study, biomechanical, biochemical and structural relationships of articular cartilage during growth and maturation of rabbits are investigated...

..In addition, cortical excitability can be evaluated by using computed electric field strength as well as stimulator-dependent MT...

..The impaired cortical plasticity may be associated with the previously reported structural and physiological abnormalities of the primary motor cortex...

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..The aim of this study was to assess the function of the motor cortex in Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD), progressive myoclonus epilepsy type 1 (EPM1)...

..The lower SICI in NPMA at an ISI of 2 ms may reflect less strict topographic organization and readiness to reorganization of neural circuits during motor learning or after motor deficits...

..In conclusion, we provide a modified baseline of TMS-related parameters for healthy subjects. Earlier such large-scale baseline material has not been available...

..The present study demonstrates that modern quantitative microscopic methods in combination with the FRPVE model are feasible methods to characterize the structure-function relationships of articular cartilage...

..MEP should be included in SP as the error from marking the onset diminishes. This study provides a guideline for the consistent measurement of SP, which is applicable when using navigated or traditional TMS...

..We conclude that Poisson's ratio of articular cartilage is primarily controlled by the content and organization of the collagen network...

..Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a non-invasive method to localize the primary motor cortex (M1)...

..Furthermore, it is proposed that the presented methodology to study TMS locations at the group level on standard space will be a suitable tool for research purposes in population studies...

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..A method to eliminate the compression-related errors in measured strain and elastic properties may be needed in mechano-acoustic measurements of articular cartilage...

..202C>T mutation in the CSTB gene (chEPM1). There are no previous clinical or neurophysiological studies on these patients. Thus, we aimed to characterize possible functional alterations in primary motor cortical areas...

..The present results address the need to consider possible uncertainties in mechano-acoustic measurements of articular cartilage and call for methods to correct the effect of variable sound speed during compression...

..Our results indicate that several methods are feasible for the determination of viscoelastic properties of bone material. The high frequency semi-dynamic test showed the highest precision within the tested nanoindentation protocols...

..98). Our results suggest that specific information on tissue composition and structure might enable assessment of cartilage mechanics without mechanical testing...

..Therefore, the integrity of the collagen network may be an important determinant in cell stimulation and in the control of the matrix maintenance...

..Computational electric field (EF) estimation could theoretically be applied to reduce the effect of anatomical differences, since it provides a more direct measure of corticospinal excitability...

..At the end, we discuss the prospects for patient-specific models when aiming to use finite element modeling analysis and evaluation of articular cartilage function, cellular responses, failure points, OA progression, and rehabilitation...

..The method could provide more information of the mechanical characteristics of bone based on 2D BMD radiography and could ultimately lead to more sensitive diagnosis of osteoporosis...

..Given the small sample size, further studies may be needed to confirm the results...

..In conclusion, the present stiffness meter may be used to quantify in vivo mechanical properties of soft tissues in the forearm, sensitively modulated by soft tissue swelling and muscle loading...

..Contradictorily, high bulk T(2) can also be found in stiff cartilage with a multilaminar collagen fibril network. By emerging MRI and FEM, the present study establishes a step toward functional imaging of articular cartilage...

..Instrumentation, relying on the use of negative pressure (suction), has been introduced to reduce pathological tissue swelling. Then, relative contribution of skin, adipose tissue and muscle, to the overall mechanical response is not known...

..e., collagen and proteoglycans (PGs), during OA progression. Further, it is unknown how the depth-wise changes affect local tissue strains during compression. Our aim was to address these issues...

..Thus, the present results suggest that the novel parameters could bring new insight to the individual estimation of the severity of SAHS...

..This arrangement could also allow very early top-down modulation of the bottom-up stream of sensory information...