J Paavonen

..Single-dose azithromycin remains effective against CT. Secondary prevention by screening is still the most important intervention to limit the adverse effects of CT on reproductive health...

..In refractory cases, vestibulectomy has a high success rate, although the evidence is based mainly on small, descriptive studies. Comparative studies of conservative versus surgical management of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome are needed...

..However, the makeup and extent of catch-up vaccination programs among young women is unclear, because a proportion of this population will likely already have been exposed to one or more vaccine-HPV-types...

..We now assess the vaccine efficacy in the final event-driven analysis...

..First generation preventive vaccines against HPVs are entering clinical trials. Therefore, it is time to consider prerequisites of field trials in Finland...

..Nononcogenic types HPV 6 and 11 also contribute to the overall burden of HPV disease, giving rise to CIN 1, anogenital warts, cutaneous lesions, and respiratory papillomatosis...

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..To evaluate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 or 33 infection in primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC)...

..Increasing numbers of exposures to different C trachomatis serotypes also increases risk. Our results strengthen the evidence that there is a link between past C trachomatis infection and cervical SCC...

..To compare, whether women with menorrhagia, treated with either hysterectomy or LNG-IUS, differ in their cardiovascular risk profile during 10-year follow-up...

..To compare among women with menorrhagia the effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on sexual functioning...

..To evaluate the effect of hysterectomy and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among women treated for menorrhagia...

..PAR% has not been derived from longitudinal studies although assessment of HPV exposure prior to the neoplasia diagnosis should increase validity of such estimates...

..Population-based enrollment of large cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents for passive registry-based follow-up with cervical carcinoma as the end-point is feasible and currently going on in Finland...

..To determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in early pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery and peripartum infectious morbidity...

..Better understanding of the factors, which explain complaints of menorrhagia in women with normal bleeding could improve both medical outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment for menorrhagia...

..To evaluate the role of Chlamydia trachomatis-induced humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in predicting tubal factor infertility (TFI)...

..The high prevalence of abnormal Pap smears indicates that gynaecological examination of female adult-onset laryngeal papilloma patients is warranted...

..To study whether elevated levels of decidual insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in the cervical fluid of unselected asymptomatic women in early or mid-pregnancy are associated with spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD)...

..To determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) with vaginal clindamycin affects pregnancy outcome...

..Emerging evidence from randomized controlled trials provides strong evidence that intervention with selective screening for chlamydial infection effectively reduces the incidence of PID...

..CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women who are in preterm labor with intact fetal membranes and who have a positive phIGFBP-1 test result in cervical secretion have an increased risk of preterm delivery...

..2 and 1.4 should be interpreted to represent increased risk attributable to grand multiparity. The increased incidence of CC and CIN3 among young GM women suggests causal association to HPV 16 and Chlamydia trachomatis infections...

..Thus, the case for screening is clearly made, but much detail remains to be worked out...

..We wanted to assess the association of first-trimester serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies or chlamydial heat-shock protein 60 (CHSP60) antibodies to placental abruption...

..trachomatis infection. In conclusion, both tests can be recommended for use in the clinical laboratory and for the screening of asymptomatic C. trachomatis infections...

..The development and implementation of new and effective intervention programmes for prevention and control of PID is one of the major challenges for the year 2000 and beyond...

..We also wanted to study whether pregnancy beyond 22 weeks post-treatment affects the risk...

..hrHPV DNA was repeatedly found twice as often as lrHPV DNA. HPV DNA prevalence was higher among oral contraceptive users than among patients using other contraception...

..No significant differences were found in the parameters studied between the women with and without breakthrough bleeding 6 months after insertion of an LNG-IUS...

..To compare the efficacy and safety of clindamycin vaginal ovules with oral metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis...

..The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of and factors associated with decidual insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in the lower genital tract in early- and mid-gestation in singleton pregnancies...

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..Our review highlights the available knowledge between immune responses to chlamydial HSP60 and chronic chlamydial infections in human...

..The incidence of HIV infection has remained low in Finland. Universal antenatal screening has been offered to all pregnant women since 1998...

..However, the patients with and without CIN could not be distinguished on the basis of previously described risk factors. Regular follow-up by means of Pap smears is warranted in all HIV-infected women...

..To study whether a treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is associated with an adverse outcome in the subsequent pregnancies...

..8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 6.9). Since H. pylori immunoglobulin G indicates chronic carriage of the microorganism, early colonization of the offspring probably differs between Iceland and Finland, two affluent countries...

..Enhancement was most consistently strong and extensive in in situ carcinomas, suggesting a correlation with active phases of epithelial growth and stromal remodeling...

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..However, because chlamydial infection is common at young age and PFTC develops decades later, we cannot definitively exclude the possibility that C.trachomatis contributes to the development of PFTC...

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..The present review attempts to answer one fundamental question: which of the vaccine candidates is likely to be most successful...

..To evaluate transvaginal sonography with power Doppler capacity in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in discriminating appendicitis from pelvic inflammatory disease...

..Chlamydia trachomatis has been recognized as a major sexually transmitted infection in North America and Western Europe during the past two decades. The incidence of C trachomatis in Finland has been continuously high throughout the 1990s...

..Smoking by both partners multiplied the risk. The liberal use of ultrasound examination contributed little to the management of women with placental abruption...

..04) as well as in women displaying high initial HIV viral load (P = 0.01). Our results from a low HIV-incidence population re-emphasize the importance of guidelines for cytologic screening of HIV-seropositive women...

..Although more common with male fetuses, outcomes have not been evaluated by sex. Our aim was to find out whether short-term morbidity differs by infant sex in cases with placental abruption and in controls...

..Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-8, have been linked to inflammatory processes. We studied the concentrations of, and factors associated with, MMP-8 in the lower genital tract fluids in the first and second trimesters...

..Yet, little is known about LNG-IUS use in HIV-infected women...

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..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in lower abdominal pain and back pain among women with menorrhagia treated by hysterectomy or levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)...

..Our findings suggest that diagnosing and treating depression among patients having menstrual problems may improve the continuity of LNG-IUS treatment of menorrhagia...

..Grade III and IV anal sphincter ruptures after vaginal delivery are an increasing problem. We assessed the outcome of an overlap technique in primary repair...

..Proangiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) and antiangiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) were also studied...

..On the basis of studies in ethnically diverse populations, it appears that the best strategy for prevention of infections is screening of all women aged 25 years or younger...

..Genital herpes (GH) causes genital ulcer disease, severe transient pain, and often paresthesias. Whether or not GH can cause urinary retention or chronic neuropathic pain is not well known...

..We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of screening and treatment for BV in early pregnancy among asymptomatic women at low risk for preterm delivery...

..Since 1995, the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection has been increasing in Finland, although there have been no major changes in public sexually transmitted disease (STD) services or screening practice...

..However, the treatment with LNG-IUS seemed to be an appropriate alternative to hysterectomy for all women who perceived their MBL heavy...

..Both the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and hysterectomy have proven effective for treatment of menorrhagia but there are no long-term comparative studies measuring cost and quality of life...

..The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is an effective medical treatment for menorrhagia. Emerging clinical and research evidence suggests that this new treatment modality has major health benefits...

..We examined the accuracy between self-reported smoking habits and early pregnancy serum cotinine levels in women with or without placental abruption...

..Patients with adult-onset laryngeal papillomatosis seem to be prone to HPV infections. Primary laryngeal HPV infection in adolescence may remain latent, requiring cofactors to develop into the clinical disease...

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..The main objective was to support the learning process of the students. We also wanted feedback information to enhance teaching...

..To perform a cost-benefit analysis of a Chlamydia trachomatis screening program based on first-void urine testing of asymptomatic women using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test...

..The prevalence of plasma IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis was higher among men from infertile couples than control men, and men with chlamydial antibodies had lower sperm counts than those without...

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..It may be possible to approximate the risk for placental abruption based on these simple prepregnancy risk factors...

..This may ultimately have an impact on antenatal healthcare, and decrease the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome...

..OBJECTIVE; We examined the trends and risk factors of preterm delivery...

..The Oricult-N method was technically simple and could be applied in primary health care. Further studies are required, however, before Oricult-N can be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool...

..Our purpose was to evaluate whether antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 proteins are useful for early diagnosis of cervical cancer by measuring the antibody response in women in whom cervical cancer later developed...

..To study whether loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) conization is associated with preterm birth and to study the effect of cone size on preterm birth...

..To analyze the association of second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (MSbeta-hCG) levels to placental abruption...

..The main causes to maternal death are thromboembolism and obstetric hemorrhage. Deaths to placental abruption are rare, but still seven times higher than the overall MMR...

..To evaluate complications after different vulvectomies performed because of vulvar cancer...

..Specific sonographic landmark findings and power Doppler findings augment the clinical diagnosis of PID and allow simple classification of the severity of the disease...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hysterectomy and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on serum FSH levels and menopausal symptoms...

..Recent studies have considerably improved our understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections...

..Implementing HPV vaccine is a great opportunity but also a great challenge. However, mandatory HPV vaccination may raise many questions, and more answers are needed...

..The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a highly effective contraceptive with additional health benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the LNG-IUS among HIV-infected women...

..To analyze the effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on ovarian cyst formation, endometrial thickness and the size of uterus and uterine fibroids by ultrasonography...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum antibody response to the three versions of chlamydial heat shock protein 60 is associated with an increased risk for cervical cancer...

..trachomatis in both the prediagnostic smear and in the subsequent cervical cancer. In conclusion, a prior cervical C. trachomatis infection was associated with an increased risk for development of invasive cervical cancer...

..Recruitment of adolescents into population-based phase III vaccination studies should be large to allow reliable cancer registry based evaluation of protective effect against grave dysplasia and cervical cancer...

..Our aim was to do a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials to assess the effect of a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine on the incidence of these diseases...

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..The same principles as set up for organized programs and new HPV technologies may apply for screening and vaccination as key tools to eliminate cervical cancer in the Nordic countries and globally...

..CONCLUSION(S): CHSP60 may be an important T-lymphocyte antigen involved in the immunopathogenesis of tubal damage associated with chronic C. trachomatis infection...

..The need for booster shots must therefore be addressed with patients as unknown. Continued cervical cancer screening is necessary regardless of vaccination. Vaccination alone will not eliminate cervical cancer...

..This enrolment in addition to our earlier enrolment in another phase III trial guarantees enough power so that by 2020 we can ultimately provide data on the efficacy of HPV16/18 vaccination against CIS+...

..Much of the research is already ongoing. Depending on the results of the planned immuno bridging studies among HIV-negative and HIV-positive women, further phase III and/or phase IV trials may be warranted...