E Pukkala

..The major hypotheses are that melatonin may decrease risk of hormone-related cancers, particularly breast cancer, or even act as a potent antioxidant and thus have a protective effect against cancer development in general...

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..We analyzed the causes of total and site-specific mortality among a cohort of patients with MM and with metal-on-polyethylene (MP) THA after a long follow-up time...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate whether visits to private gynaecologists correlate with better health outcomes and worse participation in organised screening for cancer programs...

..We studied the association between social class and incidence of cancers of the gastro-intestinal tract over time in a large cohort in Finland...

..Commercial airline pilots are exposed to cosmic radiation and other potentially carcinogenic elements during work and leisure activities...

..The third essential component is methodological development related to analysis and interpretation of results based on averaged information of exposures and co-factors in the occupational categories...

..g. to injuries during their active sport period. This as well as other observations without sound a priori hypotheses needs to be confirmed in more detailed analyses and in other data sets before final conclusions...

..The Helsinki City Council decided to demolish the houses in the dump area, and most houses have already been destroyed...

..The present paper summarizes optimal study designs of biobank-based studies of cancer...

..g., reproductive patterns, viral infections, diet, physical activity, prevalence of overweight and obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption or combinations of these factors) that may be risk factors for the specific cancers studied...

..According to our results, treatment with tamoxifen increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Due to the rare use of toremifene up to the mid-1990s, the risk assessment concerning it was inconclusive...

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..To assess the incidence of cancer among male airline pilots in the Nordic countries, with special reference to risk related to cosmic radiation...

..We studied whether the use of 3-month ("long") cycle HRT is accompanied by a higher risk of endometrial cancer than the use of monthly cycle HRT...

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..The results are in line with the concept that HPV-specific immunity protects against SCC and support primary prevention of SCC by vaccination against the HPVs...

..In summary, a rapid novel method was developed and validated for identification of prostate cancer families from nationwide cancer registry data and for the identification of putative regional founder effects...

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..Mass-screening programmes exist in all Nordic countries, but not in Estonia...

..However, the estimated survival rates are based on grouped data, and cannot be directly applied for predicting the prognoses of individual patients, although they can be used as guidelines...

..The HLRCC gene maps to chromosome 1q and is likely to be a tumor suppressor. Clinical, histopathological, and molecular tools are now available for accurate detection and diagnosis of this cancer syndrome...

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..Population-based enrollment of large cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents for passive registry-based follow-up with cervical carcinoma as the end-point is feasible and currently going on in Finland...

..This malignancy deserves a special record linkage monitoring while large numbers of young patients are provided with the second generation of metal-on-metal prostheses...

..To assess whether occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons increases carcinogenic risk...

..To assess cancer risk among nickel-exposed workers...

..This study provides valuable reference information for both clinicians and health administrators, as well as a baseline for more detailed studies of patient survival for individual anatomical sites...

..Expanding the coverage of and attendance in the pap-screening programme among women in young target ages would still be effective. Increasing emphasis on quality assessment in screening is also needed...

..0 (95% CI 0.23-4.4). Although an increased risk of angiosarcoma among cancer patients is evident, especially with breast and gynaecological cancer, the excess does not appear to be strongly related to radiotherapy...

..To evaluate outcome in a cohort of Finnish patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS)...

..The present study was conducted to determine whether previously unrecognised and thus untreated adults with screening-identified evidence of coeliac disease carry an increased risk of malignancies...

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..It has been reported that this genetic mechanism may protect against malignant transformations...

..We conducted an exploratory register-linkage study in Finland to assess the role of occupational exposures on incidence rates of cancers of the endometrium and cervix uteri...

..In this multicenter trial, toremifene 40 mg/d was compared with tamoxifen 20 mg/d, both given orally for 3 years to postmenopausal, axillary node-positive women after breast surgery...

..Here, we analyzed trends in incidence and occupational variation in risk of uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) in the Nordic countries aided by NORDCAN and NOCCA (Nordic Occupational Cancer) databases...

..The small numbers, however, did not allow any further conclusions. The changes in the cancer risk pattern over time may be associated with changes in working conditions in hairdressing salons...

..The aim of this study is to examine this relationship among Finns, who are the heaviest coffee consumers in the world...

..To clarify the role of smoking in colorectal cancer development, further cohort studies are needed with long follow-up periods and allowing for control of dietary and other potential confounding factors...

..The user may also define the final criteria of exposure, and thereby influence the magnitude of misclassification...

..The results also suggest a link between exposure to other types of solvents and the risk of liver cancer. The possibility that alcohol consumption contributes to the observed risks cannot be totally excluded...

..No effect of the exposures was observed for the other cancers. This study suggests an exposure-response relation between diesel exhaust and ovarian cancer...

..Exposure to solvents and possibly to pesticides, engine exhaust, textile dust and leather dust may increase the risk of cancer of mouth and pharynx...

..It is unlikely that this excess could be entirely due to the increased diagnostic activity in these areas...

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..This study, a component of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Multicentric Study on Cancer Risk Among European Asphalt Workers, aimed at identifying major mortality risks among workers in Finnish road paving companies...

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..The risk of lung cancer was the highest in insulators (RR 3.7, 95% CI = 1.4-9.9). Occupation, expert-evaluated cumulative exposure, and lung fibrosis are useful indicators of lung cancer risk among construction workers...

..Dermatitis herpetiformis is a lifelong, gluten sensitive skin disease. Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, similar to patients with coeliac disease not adhering to a gluten free diet, seem to have increased risk for lymphoma...

..The purpose of this paper was to study the association of physical activity at leisure and commuting to work and incidence of breast cancer...

..Belief that depression and other psychological factors predict breast cancer is common, but there have been few prospective epidemiological studies on this relationship...

..38, 1.01-1.85) and laryngeal cancer among male grain millers (2.60, 1.05-5.36). Occupational exposure is unlikely to be a major risk factor for cancer among Finnish workers employed in typical food industry occupations...

..These findings are directly relevant to counseling cancer survivors with regard to family planning...

..To find associations between testicular cancer, occupation and chemical exposure...

..The available data do not elucidate recent time trends in the incidence of the disease in Western countries. We studied the epidemiology of choriocarcinoma in Finland over a period of 47 years...

..To date, the literature has reported 5 cases of esophageal cancer in adult patients treated for EA. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of esophageal cancer in adult patients with repaired EA...

..8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 6.9). Since H. pylori immunoglobulin G indicates chronic carriage of the microorganism, early colonization of the offspring probably differs between Iceland and Finland, two affluent countries...

..In addition to the well known smoking-related cancers, cigarette smoking may increase slightly the risk of colon and prostate cancer, too...

..The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of and possible selection to attend in colorectal cancer screening...

..Laboratory workers have long been suspected of having increased risks of cancer due to their occupation. We evaluated occupational exposure and cancer incidence among Finnish laboratory workers...

..However, the CDH1 gene does not appear to explain the link between prostate and gastric cancer...

..Immunosuppression and Merkel-cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection may have a role in the pathogenesis of Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin...

..In clinical practice, lung cancer and lymphomas must be kept in mind when following up patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas...

..Active research policy and ambitious, research-oriented staff with competence in medicine, biostatistics and computer science are essential in terms of maintaining good data quality...

..Possible explanations for the observed antagonism include misclassification, selection bias or a true biological phenomenon with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis exposures antagonizing the carcinogenic effects of HPV16...

..The aim of this study is to assess whether the high survival is equally shared by different population subgroups and to estimate the possible gains that might be achieved if equity prevailed...

..46 (95% CI, 3.60-5.45); for women, 5.60 (95% CI, 2.98-8.65). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are at increased risk for death. Alcohol is a major cause for this excess mortality...

..We performed a nationwide study comprising all Finnish patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the period 1990-1996 who survived for at least five years after diagnosis...

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..To estimate the risk for breast cancer in Finnish women using postmenopausal estradiol (E2)-progestogen therapy...

..The overall cancer risk was equal to that of the general population, but a significantly high risk of leukaemia (SIR 10.5, CI 95% 6.6-15.8) and testicular cancer (SIR4.8, CI 95% 1.8-10.4) was found...

..9, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 5.8). Results indicate that reactivation of maternal EBV infection is probably associated with childhood ALL...

..To study the long term risk of cervical and other cancers after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia...

..Ecological design and cross-sectional job assessment introduced exposure misclassification and tended to drive risk estimates toward unity...

..The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain to be elucidated in future studies. Careful follow-up, extending beyond pediatric age, is warranted for early diagnosis of malignancies...

..The possibility that members of leiomyomatosis families are predisposed to renal cell cancer should be taken into account...

..Our data suggest that there is a protective effect, dietary or habitual, associated with consumption of milk that overwhelms the associations between different other factors and risk of breast cancer...

..This risk may in part result from shared etiological factors between MCC and other tumour types, such as immunosuppression or possibly Merkel cell polyomavirus infection...

..Systematic reviews on the association between statin therapy and cancer have focused on randomised trials without assessing the quality of evidence. We aimed to review the overall evidence taking study quality into consideration...

..70). The explanation for the decreased SMRs seems to be attributed to factors other than the THA per se, such as preoperative patient selection, more active lifestyle after THA, and possibly the use of anti-inflammatory drugs...

..We assessed the effect of natural uranium and other radionuclides in drinking water on risk of leukemia...

..To estimate the risk of endometrial cancer in all Finnish postmenopausal women using various forms of estradiol-progestin therapy...

..We studied variation in incidence of cervix cancer during 1971-1995 among Finnish women born in 1906 to 1945 by social class and cell type...

..In conclusion, cancer incidence is increased among liver transplant patients compared to the general population. This study points out the importance of cancer surveillance after liver transplantation...

..Our purpose was to evaluate whether antibodies to HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7 proteins are useful for early diagnosis of cervical cancer by measuring the antibody response in women in whom cervical cancer later developed...

..33-1.47) and 0.76 per Bq/1 for uranium (95% CI 0.48-1.21). Our results do not indicate an increased risk of stomach cancer from ingestion of radon or other natural radionuclides through drinking water at these exposure levels...

..The difference diminished to less than 2-fold in the 1990s. Reasons for this observation remain open...

..The results indicate that further centralizing of operative treatment of ovarian cancer may still improve survival rates on a population level in Finland...

..63--2.70] and in the BRCA2 families lower (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.39--1.57) than among the general breast cancer patient population. The RR among patients in the non-BRCA1/2 families did not differ from that of the general patient population...

..Some evidence suggests that MCC is more common in individuals with abnormal immune function resulting from viral infection, autoimmune disease or organ trans- plantation...

..This study found a 0.8% incidence of non-cutaneous head and neck cancer during a mean follow-up of 10 years. The benefits of successful renal transplantation clearly outweigh the observed risk of malignancy...

..Women are treated and followed-up in several different manners. Long-term studies of cancer or death risks after different methods of treatment or after different initial histology are scarce...

..Oral estradiol use for less than 5 years, oral estriol, or vaginal estrogens were not associated with a risk of breast cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2...

..The high suicide risk supports other studies and warrants further detailed investigation...

..Early retirement is common among people with highly disabling cancer or poor prognosis, but in general, the employment of cancer survivors seems optimistic...

..In conclusion, antibiotic use predicts an increased risk of cancer. Because of the design of our study the possibility of residual confounding cannot be excluded and further studies are required to confirm the results...

..CONCLUSION: Coffee drinking has an inverse and graded association with the risk of liver cancer. High serum GGT is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer...

..Our results indicate that mutational mechanisms, in particular TP53 mutations, are associated with work-related exposure to wood dust in sinonasal cancer...