The influence of dose and N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) genotype and phenotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of isoniazidP R Donald
Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 63:633-9. 2007
..2 to 10-12 mg/kg body weight...
- Ethionamide cross- and co-resistance in children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis
H S Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13:1355-9. 2009
..Ethionamide (ETH) is a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH). Both are pro-drugs requiring activation by separate and common enzyme pathways, which could lead to co- and/or cross-resistance...
- The influence of human N-acetyltransferase genotype on the early bactericidal activity of isoniazid
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Clin Infect Dis 39:1425-30. 2004
..The EBA appeared to reach a maximum at a 2-h isoniazid concentration of 2-3 microg/mL. These data confirm a significant effect of NAT2 genotype on the EBA of isoniazid over a range of doses...
Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in children treated for respiratory tuberculosisH S Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 90:614-8. 2005
..To define the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) in children with tuberculosis in relation to the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype...
- Minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from children
H S Schaaf
Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26:203-5. 2007
..Thus, the minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid for more than 80% of the isoniazid-resistant strains isolated from children in this study was relatively low and could be exceeded by high-dose (15-20 mg/kg) isoniazid regimens...
- Early bactericidal activity of high-dose rifampin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis evidenced by positive sputum smears
A H Diacon
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:2994-6. 2007
..The observed mean 2-day activity was almost double that reported at the standard dose. Further studies are warranted to establish whether higher rifampin doses might assist in shortening tuberculosis treatment...
Time to detection of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT 960 for determining the early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agentsA H Diacon
Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, and MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29:1561-5. 2010
..Automated TTD could augment, or, in future, replace, CFU counting to determine sputum bacillary load in EBA clinical trials pending a more formal evaluation of the correlation of the measurements...
- Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid
K Cilliers
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Acta Paediatr 99:705-10. 2010
..Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens...
- The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era
B J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:392-402. 2004
..Deciding which children to treat may be extremely difficult in high-prevalence, low-resource settings. The concept of relevant disease provides guidance for more effective public health intervention...
- The clinical relevance of Mycobacterial pharmacogenetics
R M Warren
DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 89:199-202. 2009
..This hypothesis needs to be tested in well controlled clinical and pharmacokinetic studies...
- Rifampicin-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease among children in Cape Town, South Africa
A Dramowski
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16:76-81. 2012
..Tygerberg Children's Hospital (TCH) and Brooklyn Chest Hospital (BCH), South Africa...
- Early bactericidal activity of antituberculosis agents
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 1:141-55. 2003
..The greatest source of variation in EBA results appears to be that due to interpatient variation in disease characteristics and sputum sampling...
- Monitoring the ingestion of anti-tuberculosis drugs by simple non-invasive methods
F A Sirgel
Medical Biochemistry, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
Int J Pharm 307:182-7. 2006
..The qualitative procedures may therefore be valuable in clinical trials and in tuberculosis clinics to confirm drug ingestion...
- Diversity of disease in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis
B J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Ann Trop Paediatr 25:79-86. 2005
..tuberculosis. Renewing our focus on the ontogeny of the immune response in children might provide valuable insights to direct future research regarding tuberculosis prevention, vaccine development and treatment...
- Early bactericidal activity of delamanid (OPC-67683) in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients
A H Diacon
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15:949-54. 2011
..Delamanid (OPC-67683) is a novel mycolic acid biosynthesis inhibitor active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a low minimum inhibitory concentration...
- Baseline sputum time to detection predicts month two culture conversion and relapse in non-HIV-infected patients
A C Hesseling
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14:560-70. 2010
..Few biomarkers are available to identify tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk of delayed sputum conversion and relapse...
- Pyrazinamide pharmacokinetics and efficacy in adults and children
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 92:1-8. 2012
..Children can receive the same mg/kg body weight PZA dosage as adults...
- Management of tuberculosis in children and new treatment options
B J Marais
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Infect Disord Drug Targets 11:144-56. 2011
..This review provides an overview of current treatment practices, presenting the authors personal perspectives on issues related to the treatment of childhood TB, together with a brief synopsis of potential future treatment options...
- Outcome of HIV infected children with culture confirmed tuberculosis
A C Hesseling
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 90:1171-4. 2005
..Tuberculosis (TB) is an important disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children living in regions where TB is endemic. There are limited data on the outcome of culture confirmed TB in HIV infected children...
- Randomized pilot trial of eight weeks of bedaquiline (TMC207) treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: long-term outcome, tolerability, and effect on emergence of drug resistance
A H Diacon
Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:3271-6. 2012
..Bedaquiline may contribute to the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by effecting more rapid sputum culture negativity and by preventing acquired resistance to companion drugs...
- Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of antituberculosis agents in adults and children
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics and the MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, PO Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:279-92. 2010
..Antituberculous chemotherapy should be started as soon as the diagnosis of TBM is considered...
- The chemotherapy of tuberculous meningitis in children and adults
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:375-92. 2010
..The penetration of RMP, ethambutol and streptomycin into cerebrospinal fluid is poor; higher dosages of RMP should be considered...
- A research agenda to promote the management of childhood tuberculosis within national tuberculosis programmes
P R Donald
Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11:370-80. 2007
..Study the role of families as agents for DOTS, evaluate private sector participation in childhood TB management. --Document bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation complications and study management strategies...
- The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin in adults and children in relation to the dosage recommended for children
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91:196-207. 2011
..It is noteworthy that many adult patients receiving currently recommended RMP dosages also do not reach the often recommended RMP 2 h serum concentration of 8 μg/mL...
- Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in children younger than two years of age with tuberculosis: evidence for implementation of revised World Health Organization recommendations
S Thee
Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite, Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:5560-7. 2011
..Our data provided supportive evidence for the implementation of the revised WHO guidelines for first-line anti-TB therapy in young children...
- Frequency and implications of pyrazinamide resistance in managing previously treated tuberculosis patients
G E Louw
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:802-7. 2006
..A method for the rapid detection of PZA resistance would be beneficial in managing patients with suspected drug resistance...
- The chemotherapy of tuberculous lymphadenopathy in children
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Tuberculosis (Edinb) 90:213-24. 2010
..Every effort should be made to confirm the diagnosis and possible relapses microbiologically...
- Ethambutol dosage for the treatment of children: literature review and recommendations
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:1318-30. 2006
....
- Culture confirmed multidrug resistant tuberculosis: diagnostic delay, clinical features, and outcome
H S Schaaf
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 88:1106-11. 2003
..To determine the delay in diagnosis of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), the correlation between drug susceptibility patterns of adult-child contact pairs, the effectiveness of treatment, and the outcome in these children...
- The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era
B J Marais
Centre for TB Research and Education and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:278-85. 2004
..Infants and adolescents were the groups at highest risk for disease development and death following primary infection...
- The chemotherapy of osteo-articular tuberculosis with recommendations for treatment of children
P R Donald
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children s Hospital, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
J Infect 62:411-39. 2011
..To review literature regarding osteo-articular tuberculosis (OATB) and make recommendations made for the chemotherapy of children...
