Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

..The aim of this study was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic at a residence is associated with mortality related to type 1 or type 2 diabetes...

..Traffic air pollution has been linked to cardiovascular mortality, which might be due to co-exposure to road traffic noise. Further, personal and lifestyle characteristics might modify any association...

..Our results provide valuable information at the low-level radon dose range...

..abstract:..

..It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution...

..The study groups included 434 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and an identical number of individually matched controls...

..The purpose was to investigate whether the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residence, used as an indicator of air pollution from traffic, is associated with risk for lung cancer...

..The incidence rate ratio for lung cancer was 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.84; p=0.003) per 50% increase in fruit intake. No convincing interactions were detected between the polymorphisms and smoking...

..Previous studies have shown associations between air pollution and risk for lung cancer...

..Our results indicate that bulky DNA adducts may have a weak association with lung cancer risk...

..Particulate matter (PM) in ambient air is responsible for adverse health effects in adults and children. Relatively little is known about the concentrations, sources and health effects of PM in indoor air...

..We tested the hypothesis that domestic radon exposure increases the risk for childhood cancer...

..03). We found stronger associations between several smoking variables and alcohol intake and lung cancer risk among GPX1(TT) carriers than among GPX1(CC) and GPX1(CT) carriers...

....

..These data suggest that the incidence rate of CNS tumours among Danish children has truly increased, although alternative explanations cannot be excluded...

..Our purpose was to examine associations between organochlorines and the development of breast cancer in a large prospective study using stored adipose tissue...

..06) and 51% (p for trend = 0.05) for a doubling of the concentration of benzene and nitrogen dioxide, respectively, during the pregnancy. The association was restricted to Hodgkin's disease...

..The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socioeconomic status on the risk of childhood leukaemia...

....

..Ambient air pollution is a risk factor for mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to quantify the health effects related to particulate matter (PM10) in Denmark...

..Since 1947, the National Labour Inspection Service in Denmark has relied upon urinary measurements of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in surveys of the occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE)...

..Associations between trichloroethylene exposure and other cancers are less consistent...

..The results indicate that the OSPM used with the presented methods for generation of input data might be useful in assessing long-term exposure to air pollutants in epidemiological studies...

..Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer...

..Overall, our study showed only few associations between dietary, environmental, and genetic factors and levels of bulky DNA adducts measured in peripheral leukocytes in a general Danish population...

..Overall, the results of the present study indicate that the four polymorphisms are not of major importance in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis...

....

..We examined the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incident and fatal stroke in a prospective cohort study...

..Stratification for smoking seems to be advantageous in case-cohort studies of genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer...

..There were no significant interactions between the GST polymorphisms and smoking...

..Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas the role of long-term exposures on the development of COPD is not yet fully understood...

..Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term exposure to transport noise increases the risk for cardiovascular disorders. The effect of transport noise on blood pressure and hypertension is uncertain...

..In a recent population-based case-control study using 2,400 cases of childhood cancer, we found a statistically significant association between residential radon and acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk...

..The results suggest that OGG1 mRNA levels should be regarded as a biomarker of exposure to oxidative stress with induction of DNA rather than a marker of inborn DNA repair capacity...

..The same tendency was seen in relation to intake of fruit. There were no statistically significant interactions between the OGG1 polymorphism and smoking...

..14 (0.98-1.34) among subjects homozygous for Cys326. The association between urinary 8-oxoGua excretion and lung cancer risk among former and never-smokers suggests that oxidative stress with damage to DNA is important in this group...

..We studied the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incidence of diabetes...

..Exposure to air pollution in early life contributes to the burden of childhood asthma, but it is not clear whether long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to asthma onset or progression in adulthood...

..This is the first study of polymorphisms in base excision repair genes in relation to lung cancer among Danes...

..Single determinants varied among the individual compounds, even within related chlordane residues, suggesting that organochlorine pesticides should not be treated as a homogenous group...

....

..The results indicated a possible association between air pollution and the risk of Hodgkin's disease, but the evidence allows of no firm conclusion at present...

..Higher levels of occupational physical activity had no protective effect; the lowest IRR was found for sitting work. Our study shows no convincing protective effect of physical activity on lung cancer risk...

..Exposure to organochlorines has been examined as a potential risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with inconsistent results that may be related to limited statistical power or to imprecise exposure measurements...

..The observed inverse association between high intakes of plant food seems chiefly to be a real protective effect, and not solely due to residual confounding...

..Epidemiological studies of health effects of TCE may benefit from evaluating potential risk within different strata of calendar time, number of company employees, sex, and type of industry...

..99 to 1.93). Plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the general Danish population appear not to be associated with risk of prostate, bladder, pancreatic, or liver cancer...

..The NAT2 fast acetylator genotype seemed to be protective against lung cancer in light smokers (< or =20 cigarettes/day) and not among heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day)...

..Our results indicate that lifestyle-related oxidative stress may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer among subjects with a lowered defence...

..We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung...

..These results suggest that the GSTT1 null-genotype is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, especially in younger individuals...

..Our finding of a higher body burden of PFOA and PFOS among never smokers also warrants further evaluation...

..02). Moreover, an interaction between DLG5 R30Q and NSAID use was found (P for interaction=0.02). Our results do not suggest that inborn variations in the inflammatory response play any major role in risk of colorectal cancer...

..Our results indicate that predictors of PCBs varied according to substitution group, suggesting that ortho-substituted groups should be analyzed separately...

..48 (0.19-1.22) in carriers of one variant allele and 0.21 (0.04-1.07) in carriers of two variant alleles, and a significant trend (P=0.04). These results indicate that PTGS2 could be implicated in the development of lung cancer...

..These novel results may merit future research of potential mechanism, whereas at present, no single PM(10) source can be attributed to all morbidity...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between exposure to road traffic noise and risk for stroke, which has not been studied before...

..The present study aims to assess the biological uptake in children of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured as 1-hydroxypyrene in urine from children living in city and rural residences...

..Both road traffic noise and ambient air pollution have been associated with risk for ischemic heart disease, but only few inconsistent studies include both exposures...

..However, smoking intensity increased CRC risk among carriers of both NAT1 and NAT2 fast. This indicates that N-acetylator status affects the relationship between smoking and CRC risk...

..Polymorphisms in IL-8 affected the association between pet-keeping and risk of wheeze. Polymorphisms in inflammation genes might affect the association between environmental exposures and risk of recurrent wheeze in early childhood...

....

..Particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles (UFPs), may cause health effects through generation of oxidative stress, with resulting damage to DNA and other macromolecules...

..The present study aims to assess the biological uptake in children of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured as 1-hydroxypyrene in urine from children living in city and rural residences...

..Epidemiologic studies have shown increased cancer risks among individuals exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking-water, whereas studies of the carcinogenic effect of low doses have had inconsistent results...

....

....

..In particular, nondifferential misclassification of exposure might have masked true, weak associations...

..Our results suggest that there are no causal relationship between non-occupational exposure to paint fumes in the residence during pregnancy and fetal growth...

..To update a study of risks for leukaemia, brain cancer and breast cancer in a Danish nationwide, population-based cohort of utility employees...

..We also found a moderate pattern of better survival from cancers at both sites in the most advantaged groups, most clearly reflected by the level of education, disposable income and affiliation to the work market...

..This raises concern and further large scale investigations are warranted to confirm this...

..The familial aggregation of testicular and possibly other cancers may be explained by shared genes and/or shared environmental factors, but the mutual importance of each of these is difficult to determine...

..If the sample size in extreme categories provides enough power, a study in which this job-exposure matrix is used should allow detection of a true association between exposure to 50-Hz magnetic field and disease...

..The association with NO(2) did not change after adjustment by cotinine and additional potential confounders, including occupational exposures. No clear association was found with other pollutants...

..p for interaction was 3 x 10(-6) for COX-2 A-1195G and 9 x 10(-5) for PPARgamma2 Pro(12)Ala. The results suggest that NSAID use may modify risk of lung cancer differently depending on the genotype...

..41) for ERCC1, 1.00 (CI=0.83-1.21) for XPD and 1.25 (0.89-1.74) for RAI. In conclusion, this study indicated no association between mRNA expression of the DNA-repair genes ERCC1 and XPD and risk of subsequent development of lung cancer...

..We have studied the association between 52 high-risk job titles and lung cancer incidence in a large prospective study, with more than 200,000 participants followed for more than 6 years and 809 incident cases of lung cancer...

..We found that XPA A23G and XPC Lys939Gln polymorphisms may be risk factors for lung cancer and evidence that positive interactions between the polymorphisms in XPA/XPD and XPC/XPD may occur...

..5), BS and NO(2) depends on many factors besides the outdoor levels, and that information on, for example, time of season or outdoor temperature and residence exposure, could improve the accuracy of the personal exposure estimation...

..The finding of an association between m(7)Gua excretion and lung cancer risk mainly among current smokers and subjects with GSTM1 null genotype supports causality in this respect...

..We found no interaction between genotypes and duration of smoking. In conclusion, two regions of chromosome 19q13.2-3 seem to be associated with risk of lung cancer...

..Inhalation of particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles, causes oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue, which affects the lung cells per se, as well as the cardiovascular system...

..The results of our pooled and meta-analyses suggest that bulky DNA adducts are associated with lung cancer arising in current smokers after a follow-up of several years...

..0 (one standard deviation). The comparison with the independent test data shows that the model makes sound predictions and that errors of radon predictions are only weakly correlated with the estimates themselves (R(2) = 10%)...

..8 (1.21-115) per doubling of 8-oxodG excretion. The association between 8-oxodG excretion and lung cancer risk among never-smokers suggests that oxidative damage to DNA nucleotides is important in this group...

..Results from this prospective study suggest that the GPX1 Pro198Leu-associated lowered GPX activity is associated with higher breast cancer risk among Danish women...

..At high smoking intensity (>20g tobacco/day), there was only additional risk of smoking intensity among women who were homozygous carriers of the haplotype (IRR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.10-3.73 per 5 additional g tobacco/day)...

..The relatively low validity might be explained by the anatomic location of CNS tumours, which makes tissue sampling for histological verification and therefore diagnosis difficult...

..It can be assumed that the elevated risks found for occupational physical activity are not produced mechanistically by physical activity itself but rather reflect exposure to occupation-related lung cancer risk factors...

..Our prospective study suggests that leukocyte DNA adducts may predict lung cancer risk of never-smokers. Besides, the association of DNA adduct levels with O3 indicates a possible role for photochemical smog in determining DNA damage...

..The best-established risk factors are related to dys-regulation of immune function, and evidence suggests that factors such as dietary or lifestyle habits may be involved in the etiology...

..34-14.96) times higher risk of lung cancer compared with homozygous carriers of the wild type allele. Our results indicate that XRCC3 IVS6 C1571T and the associated haplotype AAC are associated with relatively high risk of lung cancer...

..Exposure to particulate matter is associated with risk of cardiovascular events, possibly through endothelial dysfunction, and indoor air may be most important...

..Increases in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the past implicate environmental factors as potential causal agents...