L Ovesen

..g. vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin C, iron). The definition of a risk group, based on scientific data, might be an appropriate way to justify intervention with supplements...

..These nutrients are relevant for human health but difficult to assess in the diet in a comparable way among countries...

..Low vitamin D status seems to be aggravated by disease and immobility, and by a low frequency of supplement use...

..Depending on the testing system used the factor varies from 1.5 to 5. If food contents and the higher potency of 25OHD are not included in dietary intake surveys, true vitamin D intake will be underestimated...

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..An elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has also been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects...

..An important outcome is to reinforce the scientific basis for recommendations on vitamin D as a nutrient...

..In conclusion, increasing the vitamin D intake by 10-20 microg per day for 1 year is safe for Pakistani immigrants with regards to serum lipids and lipoproteins...

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..To evaluate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used to assess the dietary intake of iodine...

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..Further, an MNA score < or = 23.5 predicts mortality in a Danish population...

..This discrepancy could be due to skipping of meals and hence periods of insufficient energy intake too intermittent to be identified, when mean results are presented...

..To measure body composition and analyse the relation to muscle strength, physical activity and functional ability in healthy, old subjects, and to relate the results to an optimal BMI level for the elderly...

..Especially studies in the elderly are needed because of limited knowledge of reference values, cut-off values etc...

..CONCLUSION: Observation of food intake seems to be the best way to detect which older Danish people living in nursing homes or receiving home care have insufficient energy or protein intake...

..To solve the problems highlighted, a combined 'team-effort' is needed from national authorities and all staff involved in the nutritional care and support, including hospital managers...

..With refinement of the PABA test procedure, ie employing a specific analytical method and age-dependent cut-off values, the test may achieve a higher specificity and sensitivity...

..The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between thyroid autoantibodies in serum and abnormalities in thyroid function and structure, and to study the thyroid volume in subjects with subclinical autoimmune hypothyroidism...

..To investigate changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables in work-site canteens using the tools of continuous quality improvement, and to gain knowledge of practical strategies being effective in increasing the consumption...

..The recommendation of periconceptional folic acid supplementation does not benefit unplanned pregnancies. Arguments exist for adding a recommendation for vitamin D...

..We therefore studied incidences of subtypes of primary, overt hypothyroidism in a Danish population cohort and compared incidences in two subcohorts with different levels of iodine intake...

..It has also been suggested that foetal microchimerism involving transfer of foetal cells into maternal tissue during pregnancy may play an important role...

..We investigated the association between parity and thyroid volume and a possible impact of iodine deficiency and tobacco smoking on this association...

..p.m. iodine) was initiated in 2000/2001. The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease (DanThyr) is the monitoring of the iodine fortification program...

..We prospectively identified all new cases of overt hypothyroidism in two areas of Denmark before and for the first 7 yr after IF had been introduced...

..We aimed to evaluate prospectively the effect of 4 yr of mandatory iodization of salt (13 ppm iodine) on thyroid volume in two regional areas with respectively mild and moderate iodine deficiency...

..To evaluate compliance with the national recommendation on supplemental iron to all pregnant women in Denmark and to explore differences between compliers and non-compliers with respect to dietary habits and other lifestyle factors...

..To measure the iodine content in bread and household salt in Denmark after mandatory iodine fortification was introduced and to estimate the increase in iodine intake due to the fortification...

..The effect of smoking on hormonal level was unchanged after the iodization. Thus the effect of smoking on thyroid volume seems to be dependent on iodine intake, whereas the effect on function seems mainly to depend on other factors...

..Dietary intake of iron and/or the bioavailability of dietary iron were adequate to maintain a favorable iron status in 80-year-old subjects displaying a low prevalence of iron deficiency and a moderate prevalence of iron overload...

..Iodine intake can be measured in various ways, and each method may have advantages and disadvantages...

..This is supported by experimental data, but a recent population study suggested decreased thyroid volumes among users of OC...

..The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of a home-made oral supplement on body weight and energy intake of old people residing in a nursing home...

..In the present study we evaluated if TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab tend to develop in parallel or whether one or the other may be more prevalent in subsets of the population...

..To elucidate status and trends in portion size of foods rich in fat and/or added sugars during the past decades, and to bring portion size into perspective in its role in obesity and dietary guidelines in Denmark...

..There is a need for increased focus on nutritional state and risk factors in these settings...

..Even individuals who followed the advice regarding intake of 200-300 g fish/week and 0.5 litres milk/d had an intake below the recommended level if living in Aalborg...

..To describe the use of dietary supplements in a group of Danish adults and to investigate the differences between users and non-users with respect to age, gender, health and lifestyle factors...

..The optimal level of iodine intake to prevent thyroid disease may be a relatively narrow range around the recommended daily iodine intake of 150 micro g...

..Goiter development depends on genetic and environmental factors. The major environmental factor is iodine intake, whereas diverging results have been published concerning the association between smoking and goiter...

..This mandatory fortification was abolished in 1987. The aim of this study was to compare iron status in Danish men before and after abolition of iron fortification...

..This mandatory enrichment of cereal products was abolished in 1987. The aim was to evaluate iron status in the Danish female population before and after abolishment of iron fortification...

..In Denmark an increase in iodine intake through salt iodization has been introduced in 1998. In parallel a program for surveyance of thyroid diseases in the population was developed as recommended by UNICEF and WHO...

..Also, a general improvement in the educational level of all staff groups is needed...

..The aim was to examine reference intervals for Hb and cut-off limits for anemia by application of criteria for normality to a representative population of 80-year-olds...

..Thyroid autoimmunity is a major cause for hypothyroidism. We describe thyroid auto-antibodies in patients with various nosological subtypes of hypothyroidism identified in a population study...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the association between echogenicity of the thyroid/irregular echo pattern, and thyroid function in the general population, i.e. subjects without overt thyroid disease...

..It can be speculated that a low-iodine content of mother's milk because of inhibition of NIS in the mammary gland may be one factor of importance for development of myxedematous cretinism...

..We prospectively registered all new cases of overt hyperthyroidism in two areas of Denmark before and for the first 6 yr after iodine fortification...

..The difference in age maximum in goiter prevalence suggests that monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders should ideally include a spectrum of age groups...

..Few data have been presented regarding an association between variations in thyroid function seen in the general population and body weight...

..6% (p=0.02). Also, the H63D frequency in Danes is close to and not significantly different from the frequency in Iceland 10.9%, Norway 11.2%, and Sweden 12.4%, but significantly lower than in the Faroe Islands 15.4% (p=0.046)...

..The effect of humic substances in drinking water on the epidemiology of thyroid disease probably depends on the source of aquifer sediments...