Lone Gram

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..This level of Enterobacteriaceae is often found in lightly preserved foods, and AHL-mediated gene regulation may play a role in bacteria associated with food spoilage or food toxicity...

..It was hypothesized that S. algae would survive cold exposure better if in the biofilm state; however, culturable counts from S. algae biofilms decreased as rapidly as did counts of planktonic cells...

..In particular, we report for the first time the widespread occurrence of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) in stored and spoiling fresh foods and we discuss the potential implications for spoilage and food preservation...

..g., in the marine snow community...

..Combining microbial ecology, molecular techniques, analytical chemistry, sensory analysis and mathematical modelling allows us to characterise the SSOs and to develop methods to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of products...

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..displayed antibacterial activity under a broader range of growth conditions than did Phaeobacter strain 27-4, these organisms may hold greater promise as fish probiotic organisms...

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..However, our results also suggest that the use of garlic fermenting starter cultures in combination with garlic could improve safety of fermented fish products...

..For future studies of QS systems and the possible specific interference with expression of virulence factors, in vitro cultures should be optimised to reflect the in vivo situation...

..However, they also underline the need for development of novel, less toxic QSI compounds and the need for understanding the exact mechanism(s) of action...

..Ruegeria strains were isolated from all ocean areas except for Arctic and Antarctic waters and inhibitory activity caused by production of tropodithietic acid...

..Furthermore, we demonstrate that although information can be gained from model virulence assays, assessment of the virulence potential of a strain may require more complex hosts...

..monocytogenes. A persistent strain was no less sensitive to the processing steps than a clinical strain or strain EGD...

..strains were, in particular, isolated from the larval tank walls, and it may be possible to establish an antagonistic, beneficial microflora in the rearing environment of turbot larvae and thereby limit survival of pathogenic bacteria...

..halotolerans). Despite the isolation of already known antibiotics, our findings show that marine Vibrionaceae are a resource of antibacterial compounds and may have potential for future natural product discovery...

..aureus strain 8325-4 and the highly virulent, community-acquired strain USA300 (CA-MRSA). To our knowledge, this is the first report of inhibitors of the agr system by a marine bacterium...

..Therefore, L. monocytogenes in the outer environment associated with Danish fish processing is probably of minor importance to the environment inside a fish production plant...

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..Using Roseobacter 27-4 as a probiotic culture will require that is be established in stagnant or adhered conditions and, due to the temperature sensitivity of the active compound, constant production must be ensured...

..Also, the AHLs produced in foods will be relatively stable and their regulatory impact lasting during storage...

..Sensory analyses revealed that the preservatives did not negatively affect flavor or odor. The combination of PL and SDA is therefore a viable technology for preventing L. monocytogenes growth on cold-smoked salmon...

..Hence, QSIs can curb virulence in some strains and could potentially be pursued as bacterial disease control measures in aquaculture...

..The effect was likely associated with the production of tropodithietic acid (TDA), as a TDA-negative mutant did not affect survival or growth of V. anguillarum...

..In conclusion, the spoilage reactions of iced Danish marine fish remain unchanged (i.e., trimethylamine-N-oxide reduction and H2S production); however, the main H2S-producing organism was identified as S. baltica...

..The RAPD 9 strains may still be regarded as of low virulence with respect to human listeriosis...

..The enzyme had temperature and pH optima at 25 degrees C and 5.5, respectively. At concentrations of up to 12% NaCl no adverse effect on the enzyme activity was observed...

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..Our data are in agreement with the fact that finding strains with high acquired resistance to disinfectants is rare, and that the disinfectants are still efficient for controlling microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes...

..It is concluded that P. gallaeciensis is a promising probiont in marine larviculture and that TDA production likely contributes to its probiotic effect...

..Hence, the pigmented, antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas have a niche specificity, and sampling from marine biofilm environments is a strategy for isolating novel marine bacteria that produce antibacterial compounds...

..We quantified attachment of Roseobacter strain 27-4 using a direct real-time PCR method and demonstrated that the bacteria attached more efficiently to surfaces during static growth than under aerated conditions...

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..monocytogenes lineages present in a food sample...

..Our study indicates that strains of L. monocytogenes that are genetically very closely related may be especially adapted to colonizing the processing equipment or especially resistant to cleaning and disinfection...

..Arthrobacter spp. produced arthrobacilins A to C under different culture conditions, but other, unidentified compounds likely contributed to their antibiotic activity...

..were not lethal to egg yolk sac turbot larvae and in two of three trials, the mortality of larvae decreased (p > 0.001) in treatments where 10(7) cfu/ml Roseobacter sp. strain 27-4 was added, indicating a probiotic potential...

..This control appeared to be direct and not mediated via LipB. The data presented here demonstrate that quorum-sensing-controlled exoenzymic activities affect food quality...

..Hence it is important to determine the natural variation in susceptibility to HDPs to ensure a successful use in clinical treatment regimes...

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..alvei may induce food quality-relevant phenotypes in other bacterial species in the same environment. H. alvei may thus influence spoilage of food products in which Enterobacteriaceae participate in the spoilage process...

..Our data show that AHLs are produced by almost all V. anguillarum strains and that no clear pattern relating AHL production to disease or virulence appear...

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..monocytogenes clones across species. Overall, AFLP fingerprinting was suitable for the high-resolution genotyping of L. monocytogenes and had an equally high or higher differentiation power compared to PFGE or RAPD typing...

..TDA is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial in part due to the fact that enhanced tolerance is difficult to gain and that the TDA-tolerant phenotype appears to confer only low-level resistance and is very unstable...

..Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the changes in virulence gene expression induced by the disinfectants have impact on virulence or other biological properties, such as antibiotic resistance...

..monocytogenes was found only in poorly cleaned areas such as drains. The RAPD types for all positive samples were identical to the type that had persisted in the smokehouse since 1995, indicating the importance of drains as a niche...

..Hence a major subpopulation more tolerant to disinfectants, and hence more persistent, does not appear to be present...

..Our study shows that the ability to survive for months during desiccated conditions may be a factor explaining the ability of L. monocytogenes to persist in food processing environments...

..Hence, in this noncyclic metabolism, there is a decoupling between the antibiotic-mediated cellular requirement for NADH and the induction of TCA enzyme activity, which is believed to mediate the oxidative stress reaction...

..The antifouling alpP gene was detected only in P. tunicata strains (with purple and yellow pigmentation), so other compounds/mechanisms must be present in the other Pseudoalteromonas strains with antifouling activity...

..In this report, six α-peptide/β-peptoid chimeras were examined for the effect of amino acid/peptoid substitutions and chain length on the membrane perturbation and subsequent killing of food-borne and clinical bacterial isolates...

..In conclusion, the Curvularia haloperoxidase system is an effective sanitizing system and has the potential for a vast range of applications, for instance, for disinfection of contact lenses or medical devices...

..The triclosan-induced resistance is, hence, of great concern. Further investigations are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of triclosan...

..Overall, this allows fast extract prioritization, easier dereplication, mapping of biological activities, and formulation of a purification strategy...

..This account underlines the pending potential for exploring new bacterial sources of bioactive compounds and the challenges related to their investigation...

..The growth of Z. rouxii has no influence on the fermentation rate, but may contribute positively to the flavour development of the product...

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..Based on the results, carnobacteriocin B2 was used as an induction factor to manipulate the production of bacteriocin in cold smoked salmon juice and thus improve the ability to inhibit L. monocytogenes...

..monocytogenes must be treated as potentially harmful...

..The implications of these results to roseobacter survival and the interaction between TM1040 and its dinoflagellate host are discussed...

..anguillarum and complete growth arrest...

..Our screening results therefore suggest that the Roseobacter clade is indeed employing PKS/NRPS biochemistry and should thus be further studied as a potential and largely untapped source of secondary metabolites...

..nov. (type strain S13T=LMG 23746T=NBRC 102032T) for group 2 strains, and we propose that Shewanella affinis as a later heterotypic synonym of Shewanella colwelliana...

..Based on the evidence presented, two novel species, Shewanella hafniensis sp. nov. (type strain P010T = ATCC BAA-1207T = NBRC 100975T) and Shewanella morhuae sp. nov. (type strain U1417T = ATCC BAA-1205T = NBRC 100978T), are described...

..C. piscicola C2 has the potential for use as a bioprotective culture in surubim and other lightly preserved fish, but further studies are required to optimize its effect...

..This enzymatic activation of a proantimicrobial substance in seminal plasma following exposure to the vaginal milieu represents a novel mechanism to prevent infection following sexual intercourse...

..coli--namely, the Cpx pathway, which is important for managing the stress response from the Curvularia haloperoxidase system...