Niels Obel

..The aim of the study was to examine whether exposure to abacavir increases the risk for myocardial infarction (MI)...

..We examined completeness of registration of HIV infections and of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfections in the Danish National Hospital Registry (DNHR) covering all Danish hospitals...

..The concordance rates were generally low, and, although a genetic influence on the risk of death from infectious diseases could be demonstrated, the absolute effect of the genetic component on mortality was small...

..A triple-class HAART regimen may be associated with a better virological effect than conventional regimens, but may also lead to toxicity and more profound resistance...

..We compared incidence rates of pneumonia among individuals with and without HIV infection and explored risk factors for pneumonia in the HIV-infected population...

..To compare the outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected patients initiating equivalent regimens within and outside a randomized controlled trial (RCT)...

..The proviral HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene for the 103K/N and 184M/V combinations were studied in tandem. The CD45RO T (memory) cell compartment was investigated...

..To compare fracture risk in persons with and without HIV infection and to examine the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation on risk of fracture...

..HIV patients are known to be at increased risk of lung cancer but the risk factors behind this are unclear...

..The expected survival of HIV-infected patients is of major public health interest...

..Overall mortality, as well as mortality from liver-related and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related causes, is significantly increased in this patient group...

..This indicates that risk factors shared by family members partially account for the excess mortality of HIV/HCV-co-infected patients. We aimed to explore the causes of death contributing to the excess sibling mortality...

..39-2.58). The insufficient suppression of viral load in patients starting with saquinavir hgc subsided during follow-up, probably owing to the earlier discontinuation of saquinavir hcg in favour of newer and more potent HAART regimens...

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..We aimed to identify predictors for inadequate CD4 cell recovery and estimate mortality in patients with low CD4 count but otherwise successful HAART...

..We also addressed the question whether prognosis differed according to age, substance abuse (alcohol abuse and injection drug use) and comorbidity...

..In this period 14.5% had AIDS at the time of HIV diagnosis. Our data do not confirm concerns about unmonitored evolution in the HIV epidemic in Denmark...

..HIV-infected persons are at increased risk of pneumonia, even with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). We examined the impact of pneumonia on mortality and identified prognostic factors for death among HIV-infected...

..In a nationwide, population-based cohort study we assessed the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population, and evaluated the impact of risk factors for DM in HIV-infected individuals...

..In conclusion, we observed a significant decrease in HIV-RNA only when tenofovir was prescribed, in conjunction with other anti-retroviral drugs, to patients on a failing highly active antiretroviral drug regimen (HAART)...

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..CONCLUSION: The A/S/D regimen had a low efficacy and a high frequency of adverse events and cannot be recommended...

..The prevalence of TDR is low in Denmark and transmission of dual-drug-resistant HIV-1 is infrequent. The TDR isolates were shown to originate from local patients failing therapy...

..To establish whether the increased risk of myocardial infarction in HIV patients partly reflects an increased risk of MI in their families, we estimated the relative risk of MI in parents of HIV-infected individuals...

..We examined whether the increased mortality in these patients is partly explained by a familial excess risk of death...

..Absolute CD4(+) cell count was lower and mortality higher among IDUs than non-IDUs...

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..We estimated changes in incidence rates (IRs) of new mutations in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

..Reduction in the quantity of 184V when therapy is switched to an effective non-lamivudine regime indicates that the mutation in this compartment is dynamic...

..We examined this issue in a nationwide cohort study of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a population-based control group...

..We aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of late presentation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Denmark...

..HCC-risk is increased substantially in HCV-infected patients compared to the general population. Chronic as opposed to cleared HCV-infection increases the risk of HCC and perhaps NHL...

..We aimed to compare the incidence and impact on mortality of severe neurocognitive disorders (SNCDs) in HIV-infected patients with that of the background population...

..We found 2 patients (2%) with mutations associated with resistance in the RT-gene and none in the protease gene indicating a low prevalence of resistant HIV-1 in Denmark in the year 2000...

..Because of the cross-sectional nature of the study, causality could not be determined. These questions, however, may be relevant screening tools in clinical practice and in follow-up studies...

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..Impaired renal function is of major concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients...

..We aimed to assess the impact of gender on the risk of ADI and death in HIV-positive patients infected sexually...

..Early identification of persons with undiagnosed HIV infection is an important health care issue. We examined associations between diseases diagnosed in hospitals and risk of subsequent HIV diagnosis...

..We aimed to assess retention of HIV-infected individuals in the Danish healthcare system over a 15-year period...

..We examined the impact of chronic HCV replication on mortality among Danish patients testing positive for HCV antibodies...

..To estimate the impact of injecting drug use (IDU) on mortality in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era...

..Our findings underline the difficulties of implementing successful HIV treatment even with unlimited economic resources and free access to health care...

..During our observation period there were no signs of a waning impact. The challenge remains to maintain a high adherence to therapy as the children grow into adolescence and develop more independence from family and health care staff...

..The large diversity between the main Greenland cluster and the rest of the sequences is most likely due to a founder effect...

..Gag CS mutations did not contribute significantly to resistance development and virological failure...

..Race and ethnic origin play no major role in the outcome associated with HAART if access to health care is free...

..Mortality in HIV-infected MI patients was not significantly different to that of MI only patients in the first 90 days post-MI and thereafter was not significantly different to that of HIV patients without MI...

..To assess the risk of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) in HIV-infected individuals and evaluate the impact of proven risk factors, injection drug abuse (IDU), immunodeficiency, HAART and family-related risk factors...

..Impact of gender on time to initiation, response to and risk of modification of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1 infected individuals is still controversial...

..In a nationwide, population-based cohort study we assessed the risk of cataract surgery in HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population...

..To improve survival in patients surviving the acute phase of pneumococcal meningitis, physicians should meticulously screen this patient population for neurologic sequelae and comorbidity predisposing to the disease...

..We described incidence, risk factors and prognosis of TB in HIV-1 infected patients during pre (1995-1996), early (1997-1999), and late Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (2000-2007) periods...

..The reasons for unsafe sex are primarily linked to negotiation issues concerning condom use, including assumptions about the sexual partner's intent...

..However, the role of low-level viremia (viral-load less than 1,000 copies/ml) on mutation genesis and incorporation of resistant forms in the long-lived CD4(+) T cellular DNA compartment is not clear...

..Associations between high C(min) and toxicity were identified in the saquinavir arm; therefore, dose reductions may be appropriate in certain patients with C(min) several times above the minimum effective concentration...

..To determine the adherence to the national guidelines for start of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in HIV infected patients...

..To determine the long-term mortality, the causes of death and the incidence of cancer in listeria meningitis patients...

..HAART has changed morbidity and mortality in the HIV-infected population dramatically. We aimed to estimate the use of healthcare facilities in HIV-infected patients after the introduction of HAART...

..The unexpected high incidence of S68G suggests a functional role of this mutation in viruses harbouring K65R...

..The endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), determined by the absence of HCV RNA 24 weeks after the end of treatment...

..We hypothesized that family-related risk factors increase the risk of HNC why we estimated the risk of this type of cancer in both HIV patients and their parents...

..The long-term mortality in children diagnosed with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is poorly documented...

..In contrast to the case fatality rate of patients diagnosed with meningococcal disease (MD) the long-term mortality in these patients is poorly documented...

..Viral diversity and adaptive events associated with immune escape were found to be restricted in HIV-1 controllers, suggesting that replication occurs in the face of less overall immune selection...

..Raltegravir is the first integrase inhibitor approved for treatment of HIV-infected patients harboring multiresistant viruses...

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..Major new strategies implemented in the region in 1999 and 2000 included treatment with boosted protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors...

..5%) in our population, we estimated acquisition of HIV drug resistance and examined temporal trends in the prevalence of patients at risk of transmitting drug-resistant HIV...

..To analyse the incidence, prevalence, and predictors for development of triple-class antiretroviral drug failure (TCF) in individuals infected with HIV...

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..The course of HIV infection has changed since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral treatment...

..A greater number of treatment-limiting adverse events were observed in the Idv/Rtv arm, relative to the Sqv/Rtv arm. In conclusion, Rtv-boosed Sqv and Idv were found to have comparable antiretroviral effects in the doses studied...

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..Several case-control studies have reported that the use of fluoroquinolone increases the risk of rupture of the Achilles tendon. Our aim was to estimate this risk by means of a population-based cohort approach...

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..There is no study on the value of procalcitonin measurements in adults with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) treated in primary care...

..To examine the prevalence of drug-resistance-associated mutations in HIV patients with triple-drug class virological failure (TCF) and their association with long-term mortality...

..However, implementation and quality of care improved considerably in recent years...

..The poorer virological responses in children may increase the likelihood of emergence of resistance...

..These findings emphasize the importance of studying human genetic variation as a guide to combating infectious agents...