Leif Mosekilde

..It seems that 800 IU (20 microg) vitamin D per day in combination with calcium reduces systolic blood pressure in elderly women...

..There were few side effects. SR is thus suitable for reducing the risk of vertebral and hip fractures from postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially among patients with upper abdominal dyspepsia and the elderly...

..beta-Blockers may decrease the activity of bone-forming cells and thereby increase fracture risk. However, confirmative studies and studies exploring mechanisms of action are needed...

..Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) receive GH treatment during childhood, and in adolescence this treatment may be combined with oestradiol. We have studied the effects of this combined treatment on metabolism and body composition...

..In bone, vitamin K reduces bone resorption and functions as a cofactor in the posttranslational carboxylation of several bone proteins. Discrepant results have been reported on whether VKA affects bone mineral density and fracture risk...

..We describe and compare biochemical and osteodensitometric variables in FHH and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and assess whether they can improve the diagnostic discrimination between the groups...

..To study changes in mortality and causes of death in patients suffering a hip fracture between 1981 and 2001...

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..In conclusion, oral bisphosphonates do not seem to be associated with an excess risk of atrial fibrillation. Any excess risk seen in prior studies may be due to confounding from COPD...

..In PHPT, vitamin D metabolism is typically characterized by low plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and high plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D). In FHH, the vitamin D metabolism is not very well known...

..Moreover, low levels of 25OHD have been associated with increased risk of different diseases including cancer, diabetes, and myopathy...

..The study showed no effect of simvastatin on biochemical bone markers or on BMD at the hip or spine. Thus, our results do not support a general beneficial effect of simvastatin on bone...

..We undertook this study to examine recent trends in incidence and mortality in subjects with a hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or flutter in Denmark from 1980 to 1999 by sex, 10-year age group and conditions of comorbidity...

..Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use may be associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, nothing is known about the risk associated with intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use...

..Vitamin D insufficiency is very common and is known to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). However, in some subjects the PTH response to low vitamin D levels is blunted, which has been termed functional hypoparathyroidism (FHPT)...

..This is most likely due to the marked increased bone turnover. Accordingly, PTH-RT counteracts the state of overmineralized bone and, during long-term treatment, may cause a more physiologic bone metabolism...

..4% at the whole body. Levels of biochemical bone markers were lower in the placebo than in the bumetanide group. Thus, treatment with loop diuretics affects bone metabolism...

..Thus, organic nitrates may protect against osteoporosis...

..To compare the number of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Denmark, with the number of subjects expected to have osteoporosis...

..To study bone mineral status, body composition, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)...

..Patients with a hip fracture have a high mortality; however, it is not clear how large the loss of life-years is over an extended observation period...

..This points at an effect of the underlying condition being treated or comorbid conditions and drugs being provided in patients with osteoporosis, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids...

..Bisphosphonate treatment in women was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, no causal relationship seemed to be present...

..In conclusion, PTH levels in the upper part or above the upper level of the reference interval increase risk of fracture in the presence of low vitamin D levels...

..CONCLUSIONS: Fracture risk is increased in patients with eating disorders. An eating disorder should be suspected in severely underweight young individuals (primarily girls) presenting with fractures, especially low-energy fractures...

..We analyzed differences between patients with untreated Klinefelter's syndrome and control subjects and subsequently analyzed differences between testosterone-treated and untreated Klinefelter's syndrome patients...

..AIM, DESIGN AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, including 2316 women aged 17-84, we determined 95% reference interval using a nonparametric approach and studied the effects of potential predictors on plasma PTH levels...

..The condition is difficult to distinguish clinically from primary hyperparathyroidism and is caused by inactivating mutations in the calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene...

..Our findings support an association between statin treatment and a reduced hip fracture risk. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal...

..OA seems to be associated with a decreased risk of fractures at multiple skeletal sites as well as sites far from the location of OA. This may indicate systemic effects on bone strength, especially in areas rich in cortical bone...

..Little is known on fracture risk in young women using oral contraceptives...

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..Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) is a rare, lifelong, benign condition. It is important to separate this condition from other hypercalcaemic states such as hypercalcaemia of malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)...

..Male sex, increasing age, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and heart valve disease were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients with hyperthyroidism...

..Antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of falling. However, risk of fracture in patients treated with non-diuretic cardiovascular drugs is largely unknown...

..In cases where the combination of both vitamin D insufficiency and PHPT is diagnosed, vitamin D repletion is an option. However, only limited evidence exists for this treatment...

..In daily practice this discrimination is often based on the renal calcium excretion or the calcium/creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR). However, the diagnostic performance of these variables is poorly documented...

..Accordingly, risk of breast cancer was inversely associated with 25OHD levels. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in order to assess whether a causal relationship exists...

..Smoking may compromise the correct diagnostic evaluation of borderline hyperparathyroidism. It is unknown to what extent smoking in PHPT affects fracture risk and indication for surgery...

..Chronic lung diseases and drugs used to treat patients with chronic lung diseases may be associated with an increased fracture risk...

..Two recent meta-analyses including the three studies supported the continuous use of calcium and vitamin D to prevent fractures in the elderly...

..Exon copy number variation is not detected by currently used molecular genetic screening methods, and might be a genetic cause of inherited forms of hyper- or hypocalcaemia caused by the CASR...

..However, at the lumbar spine, aBMD decreased by 1.8% (p < 0.05), whereas vBMD increased by 12.8% (p = 0.02) in the PTH compared with the placebo group...

..Molecular genetic screening of the CASR is often based on DNA sequencing...

..The present paper summarises the physiological background and the present evidence for these effects...

..Pain medication varied from no effect to an increased fracture risk...

..This was concluded from a study on 595 Danish perimenopausal women 45-58 years of age (30,040 person years)...

..We examined the risk of atrial fibrillation among patients aged 20 to 89 years with hyperthyroidism diagnosed in hospitals in Denmark during a 20-year period...

..However, the increased risk of fractures with past use may suggest an effect of the condition for which the drug was prescribed rather than the drug per se (confounding by indication)...

..In symptomatic hypercalcaemic PHPT with low BMD where curative surgery is impossible or contraindicated a combination of a calcimimetic and a bisphosphonate may be an undocumented therapeutical option that needs further evaluation...

..14. In conclusion there may be a trend towards fewer cases of breast cancer with higher intakes of vitamin D (> or =400 IU/day). However, more research is needed, preferably in the form of randomized-controlled trials...

..Hydrocortisone was not associated with an increase in the risk of fractures. It may take a year from last use of prednisolone/prednisone before fracture risk returns to that of the general population...

..The fracture risk in hypertension may explain why antihypertensive drugs as a class effect are associated with a decreased risk of fractures. These drugs may counter some of the deleterious effects of high blood pressure...

..Aromatase inhibitors were associated with a significant increase in the risk of fractures. In women at high risk of fractures, supplementary measures, i.e., bisphosphonates, may be considered...

..As vitamin D insufficiency is common, it is important to clarify whether vitamin D status affects the risk and prognosis of breast cancer...

..Most girls with Turner syndrome (TS) receive growth hormone (GH) treatment during childhood and adolescence, but controlled data on the effects on body composition and glucose metabolism are lacking...

..We evaluated the effect of two programs for the prevention of falls leading to acute hospital admission in a population of elderly community-dwelling Danish residents...

..While selective serotonin receptor uptake inhibitors were associated with an increased fracture risk, tricyclic antidepressants and the group of other antidepressants were not systematically associated with fracture risk...

..An increased fracture risk has been reported in patients with epilepsy. Classical AEDs have been associated with decreased bone mineral density. The effects of newer AEDs are unknown...

..8, 95% CI: 4.7-29.3). In conclusion, fracture risk is significantly decreased in patients with acromegaly compared to controls probably due to an anabolic effect of growth hormone on bone...

..Few studies on the risk of fractures in patients with cancer exist, and little is known on the mechanisms of fractures in patients with cancer. We studied the risk of fracture in patients with various types of cancer...

..Upon normalization of the hyperthyroid state BMD return to normal even though no specific antiosteoporotic measures are taken other than normalizing the hyperthyroid state...

..To assess the effects of surgery compared with conservative treatment (no surgery) for primary hyperparathyroidism...

..To study fracture risk in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism...

..In adults, a minimum dietary intake of 17.5-25 microg/day is necessary to achieve these levels. Perspectives of future research are outlined here...

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..The severity of the inflammatory process and the amount of corticosteroids given may explain the difference in fracture risk...

..To evaluate if fracture risk was increased in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to the increased endogenous cortisol production...

..58, 95% CI 0.47-0.73). No differences in fracture risk could be demonstrated between those who had and those who did not have surgery, taking age, gender, and previous fractures into account...

..Use of neuroleptics and, to some degree, levodopa was associated with increased risk of fractures...

..Cinacalcet decreases plasma calcium and plasma PTH levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid cancer...

..We have studied whether plasma levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D and vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) vary in a diurnal rhythm in postmenopausal women...

..In conclusion, smoking is a powerful risk factor for thyroid disease, especially in populations with a high smoking frequency. Oral contraceptive use is associated with a slightly lower frequency of Graves' disease...

..To study the effects of hormonal replacement on hot flushes, other symptoms linked to menopause, and blood pressure...

..The association is strong enough to provide robust prognostic thresholds, which can be used to divide the population into two prognostic classes at menopause...

..As for OPG, our findings probably represent compensatory responses to increased osteoclastic resorption...

..The MTHFR TT genotype is associated with low BMD and increased fracture incidence in early postmenopausal women...

..To overcome this problem, risk-based diagnostic cut-offs must therefore be calculated separately for each measurement site and fracture localization...

..A total of 322 patients (51%) and 1169 controls (62%) returned the questionnaire...

..The incidence of hip fractures has been increasing throughout the world including the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to examine if there is a similar trend in Denmark...

..To identify dietary, medical, and environmental correlates of falling during the last 24 h among elderly community residents. The limited accuracy of recall of falls in the elderly in previous studies was the reason for a 24-h time frame...

..Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) is a candidate gene for osteoporosis, but previous studies of ESR1 polymorphisms in this field were hampered by small sample size, lack of standardization, and inconclusive results...

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..Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene cause rare syndromes characterized by altered bone mineral density (BMD). More common LRP5 variants may affect osteoporosis risk in the general population...

..Vitamin B supplementation would only be expected to benefit BMD in about 2% of the population, i.e., those with the TT genotype and low vitamin B intake...

..To investigate the effects of income and other socioeconomic variables on fracture risk adjusted for disease-related confounders as fractures are a major public health problem...

..Results from bone marrow transplantation and animal experiments may lead to alternative treatment in severe OI...