J Flegr

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..The punctuational theories offer many new predictions that need to be tested, but also provide explanations for a much broader spectrum of known biological phenomena than classical gradualistic evolutionary theories...

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..It is not known, however, whether the RhD phenotype modifies exclusively the response of the body to toxoplasmosis or whether it also influences effects of other factors...

..Cortisol, along with other hormones of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, belongs to one of the main factors influencing psychological and pathognomic factors, intelligence, and memory...

..While most behavioural effects of toxoplasmosis were confirmed also in humans, neither the fatal attraction phenomenon nor any toxoplasmosis-associated changes in olfactory functions have been searched for in them...

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..The purpose of this study was to confirm that women with latent toxoplasmosis have developmentally younger fetuses at estimated pregnancy week 16 and to test four exclusive hypotheses that could explain the observed data...

..Other studies have demonstrated reduced psychomotor performance in affected individuals. Possible mechanisms by which T. gondii may affect human behavior include its effect on dopamine and on testosterone...

..The opposite direction of the testosterone shift in men compared to women can explain the observed gender specificity of behavioural shifts in Toxoplasma-infected subjects...

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..No phenotypic effect of RhD protein, except its role in hemolytic disease of newborns and protective role against Toxoplasma-induced impairment of reaction times in men, has been described...

..The prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis is extremely high. Therefore, even its mild symptoms such as the decreased body weight in Toxoplasma-positive pregnant women might in fact indicate an unrecognized serious public health problem...

..In the present study we searched for increased incidence of traffic accidents and for protective effect of RhD positivity in 3890 military drivers...

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..It is possible that the complicated patterns in humans result from the methods limitations--measurement of hormone concentrations in simulated competitive events or sport instead in real-life situations...

..Two models, the selfish gene theory and frozen plasticity theory were suggested to explain evolution of adaptive traits in sexual organisms in past 30 years...

..For example, the immunosuppression hypothesis explains the higher probability of the birth of male offspring observed in Toxoplasma-positive humans and mice by the protection of the (more immunogenic) male embryos against abortion...

..It is not know, however, whether the changes observed in laboratory influence the performance of subjects in real-life situations...

..e., by a theory of frozen plasticity...

..003) and lower probability of achieving a higher education (P(2)<0.0000). Decrease of NS suggests that the increase of dopamine in brain of infected subjects can represent a missing link between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia...

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..Moreover, an unequal prevalence of toxoplasmosis in different countries could explain pronounced differences in frequencies of RhD-negative phenotype in geographically distinct populations...

..28), B (OR 1.33) or AB (OR 1.43) vs. O. These results suggested that horizontal toxoplasmosis transmission in the Czech Republic may occur through consumption of raw meat, contact with cat faeces and farming...

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..The difference in several other factors (desurgency/surgency, alaxia/protension, naiveté/shrewdness, and self-sentiment integration) concerned changes in the variances, rather than the mean values of the factors...

..RhD-positive subjects are protected against toxoplasmosis-associated impairment of psychomotor performance. Here we searched for RhD-positivity-associated maternal protection against the effects of toxoplasmosis...

..In light of the high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in most countries, the impact of toxoplasmosis on the human population might be considerable...

..These results suggest an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and changes in the dopaminergic neuromodulatory system...

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..Furthermore, the distribution of endobionts such as mycoplasmas or Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) in the T. vaginalis metapopulation is poorly characterised...

..The same evidence questions the view that women with a particular personality profile are more prone to acquisition of T. gondii infection...

..natur.cuni.cz/flegr/PROGRAMS/+ ++TREEPT.ZIP and http://www.karlin. mff.cuni.cz/-zaboj/treept...

..However, it is also possible that the observed effect was caused by association of both novelty seeking and Toxoplasma infection with a third factor, e.g. size of place of residence...

..The FreeTree program makes such analysis possible...

..009) and masculine (p=0.052). These results support the idea that the higher level of testosterone could be responsible for at least some of the toxoplasmosis-associated shifts in human and animal behavior...

..016), but both genders appeared less generous when infected in the Dictator Game modified to minimize social connotation (p = 0.048)...

..We conclude that previously published results on the 2D : 4D ratio are biased by its covariation with finger length. We strongly recommend regression-based approaches for comparisons of hand shape among different groups...

..Toxoplasmosis is a lifelong parasitic disease that appears to be associated to schizophrenia. However, no distinguishing attributes in Toxoplasma-infected schizophrenia patients have been described as yet...

..CONCLUSIONS: Large number of people who chose unequal sexual partner suggests that hierarchical status plays important role in human mating system...

..Moreover, our results indicate that RhD phenotype might influence not only the effect of toxoplasmosis but also the effect of aging on specific personality traits...

..franki is more related to the nasal T. regenti, than to the visceral T. szidati. The newly designed primer, which is specific for T. regenti, might be used as a tool for diagnosis of this potential pathogen...

..Consistent differences between 'bronchial' and 'oral' groups were confirmed by analysis of ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequences. Our results have revealed novel trichomonad species of the human oral cavity and bronchi...

..In the composite behavioural variable Mistrust (analogue to factor L), the pattern was affected by environment (rural versus urban). Possible interpretations of the gender differences are discussed...

..In accordance with the theory of mixed mating strategies, this preference varies with relationship status, being much stronger in fertile women in stable relationships than in fertile single women...

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