Maja Peraica

..There is need to establish control measures through which such contaminations in foods can be managed...

..24 to 0.91 ng/kg b.w. found in Rijeka and Osijek, respectively) is lower than the tolerable daily intake proposed by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1995) of 16.0 ng OTA/kg b.w...

..The occurrence of OTA- and aristolochic acid-DNA adducts is also presented...

..0 ng/kg body weight). Healthy populations of Croatia are exposed to low, but seasonally and regionally variable amounts of OTA...

..This paper presents most important studies supporting both theories, indicating also the inconsistencies of each...

..4, 109.2 and 3084.0 microg kg(-1). Although such low concentrations of mycotoxins are not a significant source of exposure in countries with a European diet, a few samples with extreme values indicate that thorough control is needed...

..In general, such low mycotoxin concentrations are not a significant source of exposure to humans, but they may contribute to exposure from other commodities. A few samples with extreme values indicate that strict control is needed...

..Combinations of OTA+FB1 affected almost all parameters, which indicates their potential to produce oxidative damage...

..proliferatum on pea (29 % of isolates). Among species identified, F. heterosporum, F. crookwellense, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, and F. compactum have been reported for the first time in Croatia...

..In conclusion, FB(1) alters cellular redox balance, which leads to tissue-specific activation and expression of redox-sensitive signalling molecules. It seems that kidney cells are more sensitive to adverse effects of FB(1)...

..The ratio of Sa and So significantly increases in all tissues already after 2-day treatment thus indicating that the metabolism of sphingolipids may have an important role in the DNA damage caused by FB(1)...

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..The decrease of BuChE activity and the changes in concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were observed throughout the experiment. Our results contribute to the hypothesis that BuChE may play a role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism...

..3.17), indicating oxidative stress. Results suggests that pulsed microwaves from working environment can be the cause of genetic and cell alterations and that oxidative stress can be one of the possible mechanisms of DNA and cell damage...

..Three OTA-free white wines were from the north of Croatia (inland), while all wines produced in the south (Adriatic coast) were OTA-positive. However, the concentrations were too low to present a risk for a moderate wine consumer...

..No control sample contained OTA and had the Sa/So ratio >1 at the same time, while in Kaniza four such samples were collected in 2000 and one in 2005...

..However, the procedure with Chem Elut columns gave higher recovery and lower detection and quantitation limits. It was successfully applied in determining OTA in human urine samples...

..Since there was no effect of CHM on BuChE catalytic activity in plasma, the data suggest that CHM inhibits the synthesis of BuChE rather than its active site...

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..Since there is no universal and reliable method of feed decontamination for all mycotoxins, the paper stresses the importance of preventive measures...

..05). These results confirm that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of OTA toxicity, and that it causes the oxidation of proteins...

..Neither positive correlation between BuChE and triglycerides nor negative correlation between BuChE and HDL was found. Changes in lipid profile during DM treatment were not sex- and time-dependent...

..Long-term administration is associated with continued and increased apoptosis without necrosis, suggestive of OTA's role in the pathogenesis of progressive renal atrophy...

..At present, there are no specific regulations either in Croatia or in the European Union concerning CTN in any kind of commodity...

..9995) and the limit of detection was 3 nmol L(-1). Concentrations of 8-oxodG ranged between 3.0 nmol L(-1) and 48.0 nmol L(-1), which is in accordance with values reported for healthy individuals in other studies...

..The OTA contamination of beans in our country is low. Although beans are not severely contaminated with OTA, their consumption may contribute to the exposure to OTA from other commodities...

..It also gives a quick review of human carcinogenicity evaluations of the international Agency for Research on Cancer and of regulatory limits of mycotoxin concentrations in various commodities...

..The concentration of triglycerides decreased after a lag period of three days when the reserves of apolipoprotein apo B, the main apolipoprotein of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)-cholesterols produced in the liver, were consumed...

..In conclusion, disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis caused by OTA and CTN plays a significant role in cell genotoxicity and death...

..40 to 7.12 LD50 of soman. The results suggest that TCP and adamantyl tenocyclidines could be used in combination with atropine as antidotes in carbamate poisoning and as adjuvant therapy to HI-6 and atropine in soman poisoning...

..These results confirm the genotoxic potential of OTA, and show that the severity of DNA lesions in kidney correlates with OTA concentration...

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..Patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated with dialysis have higher blood OTA concentrations than healthy persons, and OTA concentration does not decrease with such treatment...

..w. after 48 hours (1.69 +/- 0.27% DNA; control 0.59 +/- 0.11% DNA). This study proved that FB(1)-induced DNA damage is time- and dose-dependent, and that it could be caused in Wistar rats by a single dose...

..OTA and CIT are more frequently found in rural area. AA was never detected. All these plead for implication of mycotoxins, especially OTA, in BEN and UTT...

..The conclusion is that the Bulgarian chicken nephropathy may have a multitoxic aetiology because it cannot be explained by the concentration of ochratoxin A alone...

..The much higher specific urothelial-tumor mortality in women than in men (in contrast to the rest of the country) and the higher specific EN mortality indicate that the causative agent of the two nosological entities is the same...