Review of aquatic in situ approaches for stressor and effect diagnosisMark Crane
Watts and Crane Associates, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7AG, United Kingdom
Integr Environ Assess Manag 3:234-45. 2007
..A decision tree is provided to assist decision makers in determining when in situ approaches can add value...
Ecotoxicity test methods and environmental hazard assessment for engineered nanoparticlesMark Crane
WCA Environment Limited, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7AG, UK
Ecotoxicology 17:421-37. 2008
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- Multi-criteria decision analysis of test endpoints for detecting the effects of endocrine active substances in fish full life cycle tests
Mark Crane
WCA Environment Limited, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, SN7 7YR, United Kingdom
Integr Environ Assess Manag 6:378-89. 2010
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- Use of field data to support European Water Framework Directive quality standards for dissolved metals
Mark Crane
Watts and Crane Associates, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7AG
Environ Sci Technol 41:5014-21. 2007
..The only exceptions to this are QS for iron and zinc, where use of relatively large assessment factors leads to standards that are substantially below concentrations associated with impaired invertebrate assemblages in the field...
- Environmental quality standards for water framework directive priority substances: challenges and opportunities
Mark Crane
Watts and Crane Associates, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7AG, United Kingdom
Integr Environ Assess Manag 3:290-6. 2007
..Moreover, some cross-cutting issues about the cessation of discharges of naturally occurring or ubiquitous substances and the advantages and disadvantages of member states setting their own EQS are briefly addressed...
- Risk characterisation in direct toxicity assessment of the River Esk and the Tees Estuary
Mark Crane
Crane Consultants, Chancel Cottage, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 2HD, UK
Ecotoxicology 13:463-74. 2004
..These two case studies illustrate the use of probabilistic risk assessment in achieving more realistic assessments of effluent toxicity through use of all available data...
- Effects of iron on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the field
Adam Peters
WCA Environment Ltd, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN77YR, UK
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86:591-5. 2011
..Thresholds for Good Ecological Status ranged from 1.25 to 2.46 mg L⁻¹ depending on the measure of exposure and ecological response...
- Chronic aquatic environmental risks from exposure to human pharmaceuticals
Mark Crane
Watts and Crane Associates, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, SN7 7AG, UK
Sci Total Environ 367:23-41. 2006
..If mixture toxicity is considered to be an important environmental issue then all substances should be considered within an appropriate risk assessment framework...
- Thresholds of toxicological concern for endocrine active substances in the aquatic environment
Melanie Gross
WCA Environment Limited, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7YR, United Kingdom
Integr Environ Assess Manag 6:2-11. 2010
..Issues surrounding the statistical approaches used to derive TTCs were also discussed. This study presents discussion points and consensus findings of the workshop...
- Evaluation of probabilistic risk assessment of pesticides in the UK: chlorpyrifos use on top fruit
Mark Crane
Crane Consultants, Chancel Cottage, 23 London Street, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, SN7 7AG, UK
Pest Manag Sci 59:512-26. 2003
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- Acceptability of pesticide impacts on the environment: what do United Kingdom stakeholders and the public value?
Mark Crane
Watts and Crane Associates, 23 London Street, Faringdon SN7 7AG, UK
Pest Manag Sci 62:5-19. 2006
..Concerns are greatest on issues of human health and food quality but potential environmental effects are also an issue for a substantial number of people, particularly if attractive species could be affected...
- Managing complex mixtures of chemicals--a forward look from the regulators' perspective
Jim Wharfe
Environment Agency, Evenlode House, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BD, UK
Ecotoxicology 13:485-92. 2004
..A number of bioassays were rigorously tested during the DTA programme. Further developments are suggested and other methods, including biosensors, biomarkers, and biological survey are briefly reviewed...
- Haem peroxidase activity in Daphnia magna: a biomarker for sub-lethal toxicity assessments of kerosene-contaminated groundwater
Richard Connon
Division of Zoology, School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 228, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AJ, UK
Ecotoxicology 12:387-95. 2003
..Moreover, this novel assay detects exposure to chemicals in samples that would normally be classified as non-toxic by acute toxicity tests...
- Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distributions
James R Wheeler
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
Environ Toxicol Chem 21:2459-67. 2002
..Biological and physicochemical factors contribute to such differences in freshwater and saltwater species sensitivities, but the species compositions of datasets used are also important...
- Time should be considered in developmental ecotoxicity test
Mathew A Worboys
Mar Pollut Bull 45:92-9. 2002
..This would maximise the sensitivity of the test in detecting developmental effects in spiked or environmental samples...
- Estimation of demographic toxicity through the double bootstrap
Eric P M Grist
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Water Res 37:618-26. 2003
..A demographic-based metric for r, the ErCx (effect on r concentration percentage), is defined to permit alternative population level estimation of a 'safe effect' concentration...
- The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles
Richard D Handy
School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
Ecotoxicology 17:287-314. 2008
..We conclude with a consideration of implications for environmental risk assessment of manufactured nanoparticles...
- Proposed development of Sediment Quality Guidelines under the European Water Framework Directive: a critique
Mark Crane
Toxicol Lett 142:195-206. 2003
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- Environmental risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals in the EU: reply to Montforts and de Knecht
Carol Long
Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
Toxicol Lett 142:219-25. 2003
..Consultation with stakeholders takes place throughout the VICH process, with an additional period of open public consultation before guidance is adopted and implemented...
- Estimating the effects of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol on populations of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas: are conventional toxicological endpoints adequate?
Eric P M Grist
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Environ Sci Technol 37:1609-16. 2003
..The significance of these summary statistics when deriving environmental benchmarks for steroid estrogens is discussed in the context of affording protection to populations following long-term exposure...
- Comparison of tropical and temperate freshwater animal species' acute sensitivities to chemicals: implications for deriving safe extrapolation factors
Kevin W H Kwok
The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
Integr Environ Assess Manag 3:49-67. 2007
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- Chronic toxicity of tributyltin to development and reproduction of the European freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.)
Kenneth M Y Leung
The Swire Institute of Marine Science, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
Chemosphere 66:1358-66. 2007
..13ng TBTl(-1); lower confidence limit: 9.23ng TBTl(-1)), indicating that saltwater species are probably more susceptible to TBT than their freshwater counterparts...
- Does pesticide risk assessment in the European Union assess long-term effects?
Michael C Newman
College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P O Box 1346, Rt 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 187:1-65. 2006
..How we simplify can be critical. Careless simplification leads to misleading simplistic conclusions. (Slobodkin 1994)...
- Uptake and depuration of 4-nonylphenol by the benthic invertebrate Gammarus pulex: how important is feeding rate?
Melanie Y Gross-Sorokin
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
Environ Sci Technol 37:2236-41. 2003
..However, the results suggest that major uptake may also occur through water. The statistical and modeling methodology may be applied to uptake and depuration assessments for any aquatic organisms exhibiting a variable feeding phase...
- Bayesian and time-independent species sensitivity distributions for risk assessment of chemicals
Eric P M Grist
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
Environ Sci Technol 40:395-401. 2006
..The results suggest that even with sparse data sets theoretical criticisms of the SSD approach can be overcome...
- Multivariate relationships between groundwater chemistry and toxicity in an urban aquifer
Rachel E Dewhurst
Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2813-21. 2003
..Examination of the principal component matrix revealed that these differences are related to changes in the importance of reduced chemical species...
- Better bootstrap estimation of hazardous concentration thresholds for aquatic assemblages
Eric P M Grist
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1515-24. 2002
..With increasing use of SSDs in ecological risk assessment, it is now imperative that the scientific community develops agreement over appropriate methods for their derivation...
