Biomagnification of cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease among the Chamorro people of GuamPaul Alan Cox
Institute for Ethnobotany, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:13380-3. 2003
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BMAA selectively injures motor neurons via AMPA/kainate receptor activationShyam D Rao
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 2101 Gillespie Building, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA
Exp Neurol 201:244-52. 2006
..Present findings support the hypothesis that BMAA may contribute to the selective MN loss in ALS/PDC...
Co-occurrence of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid with other cyanobacterial toxins in British waterbodies, 1990-2004James S Metcalf
Division of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
Environ Microbiol 10:702-8. 2008
..Furthermore, samples collected over several years shows that BMAA can co-occur with other known cyanotoxins in such waterbodies. Health risk assessment of cyanobacterial BMAA in waterbodies is suggested...
- Cyanobacteria (Nostoc commune) used as a dietary item in the Peruvian highlands produce the neurotoxic amino acid BMAA
HOLLY E JOHNSON
Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
J Ethnopharmacol 118:159-65. 2008
..Since BMAA has been putatively linked to neurodegenerative illness, it would be of interest to know if the occurrence of ALS, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's Disease is greater among individuals who consume llullucha in Peru...
- Biomagnification of cycad neurotoxins in flying foxes: implications for ALS-PDC in Guam
Sandra Anne Banack
Institute for Ethnobotany, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Kauai, HI 96741, USA
Neurology 61:387-9. 2003
..Traditional feasting on flying foxes may be related to the prevalence of neuropathologic disease in Guam...
- A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam
Susan J Murch
Institute for Ethnobotany, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:12228-31. 2004
..The presence of BMAA in brain tissues from Canadian patients who died of Alzheimer's disease suggests that exposure to cyanobacterial neurotoxins occurs outside of Guam...
- Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam
Paul Alan Cox
Institute for Ethnobotany, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Kauai, HI 96741, USA
Neurology 58:956-9. 2002
..Chamorro consumption of flying foxes may have generated sufficiently high cumulative doses of plant neurotoxins to result in ALS-PDC neuropathologies, since the flying foxes forage on neurotoxic cycad seeds...
- Occurrence of beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in ALS/PDC patients from Guam
S J Murch
Institute for Ethnobotany, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA
Acta Neurol Scand 110:267-9. 2004
..Both forms of BMAA were also found at comparable levels in two Canadians who died of progressive neurodegenerative disease. BMAA, which is produced by cyanobacteria, may be associated with some cases of neurodegenerative disease...
- Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid
Paul Alan Cox
Institute for Ethnomedicine, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:5074-8. 2005
..The ubiquity of cyanobacteria in terrestrial, as well as freshwater, brackish, and marine environments, suggests a potential for wide-spread human exposure...
- Neurotoxic flying foxes as dietary items for the Chamorro people, Marianas Islands
Sandra Anne Banack
California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
J Ethnopharmacol 106:97-104. 2006
..Other animals that forage on cycad seeds may also provide BMAA inputs into the traditional Chamorro diet...
