Yok Lam Kwong

..Multivariate analysis showed that international prognostic index was the most significant factor impacting on outcome and survivals...

..Novel therapeutic approaches targeting cellular signaling pathways or preferentially upregulated genes are needed to improve outcome...

..Molecular markers together with patient and clinicopathological features will provide more accurate prognostic models for risk stratification, in order to improve treatment outcome...

..Continuous efforts should be devoted to risk stratification for identifying high-risk individuals for HSCT, and defining the optimal conditioning regimen for NK cell lymphomas...

..A recognized carcinogen, azathioprine is also associated with the development of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML)...

..001) and recurrent infections (81/272, 30% versus 3/107, 3%; p<0.001). These clinicopathologic differences have important implications on disease pathogenesis and treatment...

..Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics, dosing schedules and potential toxicities of IT chemotherapeutic drugs is important in the design of CNS prophylaxis and treatment in hematologic malignancies...

..Arsenic trioxide is partly renally excreted and, therefore, dose adjustment is required when renal function is impaired. In addition to its use in APL, arsenic trioxide is now tested in other malignancies, notably multiple myeloma...

..However, if the blood brain barrier is breached, elemental arsenic may enter the cerebrospinal fluid. As2O3 is predominantly excreted in the kidneys, and dose adjustment is required when renal function is impaired...

..The International Prognostic Index and presentation EBV DNA load is of prognostic significance and may be useful in the stratification of patients for various treatment modalities...

..The combination of novel therapeutic agents with chemotherapy, and the judicious use of high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, may improve the outcome of patients with T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas...

..This regimen avoids the possible long-term toxicities of As2O3 and mutagenicity of combination chemotherapy, a strategy that might be suitable for this potentially curable leukaemia...

..The clinicopathologic features and risk factors identified in this study may help design better treatment strategies for this often-lethal complication...

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..5%) in AML, even in a population where it was considered to be more prevalent. Two breakpoints in NUP98 may occur, and this is of importance in the design of primers to amplify t(7;11)...

..Whether poor risk patients will have improved outcome with autologous HSCT remains to be defined. The role of allogeneic HSCT requires more rigorous future studies...

..Epstein-Barr virus DNA load as a surrogate marker for prognostication, and clinical stratification of patients should be incorporated in clinical management algorithms...

..However, APL and AML with maturation expressed comparable AQP9 levels, suggesting that AQP9 expression was related to granulocytic maturation...

..De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis after chemotherapy results in high morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the clinical course of de novo HBV-related hepatitis after chemotherapy...

..Here we compared the outcomes of the staged approach with frontline PAD (bortezomib/doxorubicin/dexamethasone) or VTD (bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone) induction, and analysed prognostic factors for outcome...

..The role of Pin1 in hepatocarcinogenesis, particularly in HBV-related HCC, was investigated...

..Tuberculosis reactivation should be considered for unexplained fever and symptoms after alemtuzumab treatment...

..To study the role of gene promoter hypermethylation of the putative tumour suppressor genes involved in the death-associated protein (DAP) kinase/p14/HDM2/p53/Apaf-1 apoptosis pathway in multiple myeloma (MM)...

..Autologous bone marrow cell implantation into the ischemic human myocardium was not associated with long-term major adverse events regarding tumor, scar, or calcification formation, and the arrhythmogenic risk was low...

..Frequent monitoring for and early treatment of CMV reactivation is necessary during alemtuzumab therapy...

..Prolonged oral As(2)O(3) maintenance was feasible and safe and resulted in favorable outcomes when used with a simple induction and consolidation regimen compared with other protocols composed of multiple chemotherapeutic agents...

..In this study, we reported an undescribed model in which adult ALL cells were injected into unconditioned newborn nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient mice via an intrahepatic route...

..SHP1 methylation leading to epigenetic activation of the Jak/STAT pathway might have a tentative role in the pathogenesis of myeloma, which should be further confirmed by functional studies in primary myeloma samples...

..Plasma arsenic was the only significant determinant of CSF arsenic levels. CSF arsenic was present at therapeutically meaningful levels, implying that As2O3 therapy might be beneficial in CNS APL...

..The ectopic expression of CD44DeltaEx1 in BJAB cells enhanced their proliferation rate and clonogenic ability, indicating a possible pathogenic role of the translocation...

..Hence, activating mitotic catastrophe by bortezomib may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating apoptosis-resistant NK-cell malignancies and other cancers...

..After 3 months of follow-up, there was improvement in symptoms, myocardial perfusion, and function at the ischaemic region on MRI. Future randomised, controlled studies are required to validate this initial encouraging result...

..Age and the prognostic index for peripheral T-cell lymphoma were not prognostically significant. Good performance status was associated with better OS (P = 0.03), and response to initial treatment led to better OS and PFS (P < 0.001)...

..396). Taken together, the findings in this study suggest that frequent Fas gene mutations in NL can result in resistance to apoptosis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of NL by adding to the tumor immune privilege...

..Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease associated with thrombohemorrhagic complications and myeloid transformation to diseases such as myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia...

..In addition to supporting the role of HPV and telomerase in esophageal carcinogenesis, our cell lines may also be useful in vitro models for further studies of esophageal carcinogenesis...

..In both therapeutic approaches, direct local myocardial injury might be a common mechanism to induce therapeutic angiogenesis...

..For patients not in clinical trials, consensus opinions offer useful guidelines on optimum management...

..This study sought to investigate the functional changes that occur within the chronic human ischaemic myocardium after direct endomyocardial BM cells implantation by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)...

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..In this study, we examined the relationship of reactivation of BKV infection with pre-HSCT serologic findings of BKV antibody...

..We studied the role of adiponectin in 2 chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-patient cohorts...

..These observations defined the pre-treatment value of PET-CT in T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas. The post-treatment role requires further studies...

..To determine the optimal bone marrow (BM) cell types, and their potential mechanisms of action for neovascularization in chronic ischaemic myocardium...

..Oral As(2) O(3) , particularly in prolonged maintenance with oral ATRA may obviate the need of stem cell transplantation in relapsed pediatric APL...

..However, the presence and level of BKV DNA in renal allograft patients with good and stable renal function have remained undetermined...

..The patient achieved complete remission after one course of treatment. After completion of six courses of FND, the patient has remained in remission for more than 3 years. FND may be an effective treatment for aggressive SPTCL...

..The objective of this study was to compare the thrombogenic potential of transvenous cryoablation versus RF ablation during pulmonary vein (PV) isolation...

..9% versus 6-week: 13.0%, P=0.001). Essential thrombocythemia (ET) BM cells also exhibited a similar decrease in JAK2V617F clone. The results suggested that events in addition to JAK2V617F are involved in the pathogenesis of PV and ET...

..EBV-positive PTLD occurred much later in Asian patients. Treatment results of PTLD were favorable...

..Early stage, good performance status, and low international prognostic index risk scores significantly impacted on CR rate and survivals. Rituximab and fludarabine were safe for non-gastric MZL and resulted in more durable remissions...

..Disease status, number of prior therapies, and cytogenetic aberrations were not associated with the outcome. However, remission was only achieved with Ara-C at 2 g/m(2)/day and not 1 g/m(2)/day (9/15 versus 0/4, P = 0.03)...

..Compared against matched background population, there was an increased risk of second cancer (p=0.012, standard incidence ratio=6.5; 95% confidence interval=1.4-19.0)...

..There was no significant difference in NPM1 mRNA expression between MDS and normal blood samples. In conclusion, the finding suggests that NPM1 methylation is rare in MDS and does not play a major role in its pathogenesis...

..The second protocol used the same sequences as the first protocol but also included DWI...

..Non-multidrug resistance-dependent regimens and L-asparaginase-based protocols have been shown to be highly active. Autologous HSCT is not routinely performed. The role of allogeneic HSCT is being examined...

..Our findings provide insight into a molecular network within the NF-kappaB signalling pathway that promotes the pathogenesis of NK cell lymphomas...

..ADAMTS13 levels were low in all evaluable patients, and only one patient showed significant anti-ADAMTS13 antibody. The levels of ADAMTS13 and anti-ADAMTS13 antibody did not change significantly with rituximab-induced remission...

..Data on gene and micro-RNA expression profiling studies are also discussed which may impact the development of new drugs targeting specific oncogenic pathways...

..These two newly established cell lines will be useful tools in the study of the molecular pathogenesis and biological behavior of ESCC cells and for testing new therapeutic reagents for ESCC in the future...

..Increasing copy numbers of chromosome 8/8q may therefore be a marker of advanced leukemic evolution, exposure to toxins, underlying myelodysplasia, and an overall poor prognosis...

..Their different engraftment capabilities in NOD/SCID mice supported the proposition that FLT3/ITD might occur at different stages during leukemogenesis...

..There was a rapid and complete response to pulse high-dose corticosteriod and intravenous immunoglobulin. The importance of recognition and early treatment of this rare condition in transplantation practice is emphasized...

..That the model did not produce any of the whole-chromosome gains observed in OC indicates that these changes develop through a different mechanism...

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..Age-related skewing of X-chromosome inactivation leading to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in elderly women in a population with prevalent G6PD gene mutations was investigated...

..Recently, several non-randomized pilot studies have also suggested that direct BM cells implantation appears to be feasible and safe in patients with severe coronary artery diseases (CAD)...

..We conclude that ATTR remains largely underdiagnosed in the Chinese population. A high clinical suspicion is crucial for a timely diagnosis and can thus lead to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality...

..The aim of this review is to provide pathologists and clinicians with a concise account of these pitfalls and avoidance strategies...

..Methylation of DAP kinase and oestrogen receptor genes was comparable in multiple myeloma and MGUS. In conclusion, methylation of p16, SHP1 and E-cadherin genes might be involved in the progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma...

..These results showed that PIN1 overexpression leading to beta-catenin accumulation might be a critical event in hepatocarcinogenesis, and that PIN1 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in HCC...

..There were no significant side effects, and normalization of erythropoiesis was durable. Alemtuzumab is active in PRCA that is idiopathic or secondary to T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases...

..There was no preferential dermatome involvement or systemic spread. The actuarial risk of VZV reactivation at 1 year was 26%. No VZV reactivation occurred after the first year of initial treatment with As2(O3)...

..At first or subsequent relapses, owing to highly effective salvage by arsenic trioxide, CDKN2B methylation did not impact on event-free survival or overall survival...

..No ventricular proarrhythmias were observed. These observations, due to the lower peak plasma arsenic reached during oral As2O3, may explain the relative cardiac safety of oral As2O3...

..Together with previous reports of secondary cancers after fludarabine treatment and the association of monosomy 7/7q- with another purine analogue azathioprine, results suggest that t-AML might develop after fludarabine therapy...

..In occult HBV-infected patients receiving an alemtuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen, preemptive anti-HBV therapy should be continued until 9 months after the end of chemotherapy, when recovery of HBV immunity has occurred...

..026, relative increase = 63.5%). This study demonstrated that daily thiamine intake was positively correlated with the circulating number of EPCs and FMD in patients with type II diabetes, independent of other dietary nutrients intake...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that cell-free circulating methylated gene promoter DNA is a possibly useful serological marker in assisting in screening of primary and potentially salvageable local or regional recurrent NPC...

..4% versus 27.6%, P = 0.012), as well as for patients treated with chemotherapy/radiotherapy (IPI <or= 1 superior to IPI >or= 2 for CR: 76.7% versus 35.7%, P =.017; and 10-year OS: 63.8% versus 26.8%, P =.003)...

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..Therefore, CDKN2B methylation is a potential prognostic factor that may be incorporated into a risk-stratified therapeutic strategy, which aims at achieving a cure with optimal amounts of treatment...

..CONCLUSIONS: Clinical diagnoses of LFT derangements post-HSCT might be adequate for initiation of treatment, but liver biopsies in HBV-HCV carriers were needed, as this might impact on management...

..The major side effect was reactivation of cytomegalovirus, which was controlled with intravenous and oral ganciclovir. This case showed that alemtuzumab might be of use in therapy-refractory AIHA...

..An interesting proposition is that this case also might reflect a compacted timeline of events in EBV-related gastric cancers developing in immunocompetent patients...

..No significant correlation was found between the BCL6 expression level and OS in the non-GCB subgroup, which had significantly poorer prognosis than the GCB subgroup...