G M Tse

..The fine needle aspiration cytological (FNAC) features of GM have rarely been discussed in the literature. These features are reported in eight histologically confirmed cases of GM...

..However, the rate of EGFR mutations is poorly defined. We, therefore, sought to characterize EGFR mutations in triple negative breast cancers...

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..With these improvements, (1)H-MRS may potentially be useful in detection of smaller malignant lesions, characterization of malignant lesions into non-invasive or invasive, and as an invaluable tool in disease progression monitoring...

..These may be related to increased vascular endothelial growth factor mediated increased microvessel density as well as increased permeability, which manifest as increased rapid contrast uptake and dissipation...

..The evaluation of myoepithelial cells can be helpful, with benign papilloma showing a continuous myoepithelial cell layer, which becomes attenuated or absent in malignant papillary lesions...

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..Mammary metaplastic carcinoma encompasses epithelial-only carcinoma (high-grade adenosquamous carcinoma or pure squamous cell carcinoma), biphasic epithelial and sarcomatoid carcinoma and monophasic spindle cell carcinoma...

..In mammary fibroepithelial lesions, NOS expression in stromal cells has been reported to be lower in fibroadenomas than in phyllodes tumours...

..In the breast, myoepithelial cells express CD10, but there are few studies of the expression of CD10 in mammary fibroepithelial lesions...

..While the grading of phyllodes tumours depends on a combination of histological parameters, prediction of their behaviour remains difficult...

..Twenty-six cases of granulomatous mastitis were examined to determine the common histological and clinical features and the possible association with micro-organisms...

..This provides strong evidence that c-kit receptor mediated tyrosine kinase involvement in the pathogenesis of phyllodes tumors, and the therapeutic agent, STI571, Glivec, may be a potentially useful drug for its management...

..CD44s expression in benign and malignant papillary lesions was evaluated...

..Our findings suggest that the identification of neuroendocrine differentiation in pure mucinous carcinoma is associated with more favorable histologic and immunohistochemical parameters...

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..To assess the accuracy of diagnosing papillary breast lesions in core needle biopsy...

..To understand the correlation between the expression status of different biological markers in breast cancers in the elderly...

..To investigate the prognostic value of HER2 and p63 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)...

..It is foreseeable that more exciting data will be generated to help us to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of phyllodes tumor...

..As the experience with these markers remains rather limited, it is too early to recommend basing treatment choices on these marker studies alone. Complete removal of lesion is probably still the treatment of choice...

..We reviewed the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to assess the cytological characteristics and any clues to assist in the diagnosis...

..Cytological diagnosis of mammary papillary lesions is difficult...

..The results of this study provide strong evidence that EGFR overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of phyllodes tumors, although gene amplification may not be the major underlying mechanism for overexpression...

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..Furthermore, analysis of the characteristics of the calcifications may help to predict the tumour size and grade, and presence of invasion...

..In a benign biopsy that fails to identify the calcifications visible in the mammography, further evaluation or cutting of the histologic block is recommended to minimize the potential of a false negative investigation...

..Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly described form of atypical pneumonia linked to a novel coronavirus...

..Five cases of head and neck fibromatosis were analyzed. The imaging and pathologic findings, surgical management, and clinical outcome were discussed...

..The role of p53 gene mutation in the malignant transformation of PT is unclear; but this may not be the sole mechanism as many malignant PT were p53 protein negative...

..To evaluate specific diagnostic fine needle aspiration cytologic (FNAC) features of phyllodes tumor (PT), particularly in the differentiation from fibroadenoma (FA)...

..We conclude that microvessel density and p53 are useful as independent criteria in evaluating malignancy in phyllodes tumors...

..All lesions were larger than 1.5 cm. Tumor Ki-67 proliferative index, tumor angiogenesis, and HER2/neu oncogene overexpression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry of the histologic material...

..Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the parotid is rare and prone to recur...

..To review 25 cases of breast hamartoma and discuss the pathological criteria, and the usefulness of imaging modalities, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and needle core biopsy in the diagnosis...

..The authors report the correlation between intratumoral microvessel density and the histological grade of phyllodes tumour...

..In view of the small number of cases, the significance of such giant cells on the prognosis of PT remains uncertain...

..In the current study the authors review the FNA cytology of endocrine carcinoma and identify common cytologic features that allow for the diagnosis of this uncommon, low grade subtype of mammary malignancy...

..Tuberculosis of the nasopharynx is uncommon. A large series of 17 cases is reported, and the clinical and pathological features are discussed...

..This report emphasises the importance of adequate sampling of mammary hamartoma...

..CONCLUSION: Both sonographic and mammographic assessments are important in the correct diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma, the prediction of histologic grade, and the prognosis of the tumors...

..Such a complication is unusual and to our knowledge has not been previously reported. We briefly discuss the clinical features, biologic behavior, and treatment of this tumor...

..To assess the clinical usefulness of localized proton (hydrogen 1) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in the characterization of contrast material-enhanced breast lesions on the basis of choline detection...

..To report the radiological findings of radiation induced sarcomas (RIS) in the head and neck following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma...

..This article discusses the role of intraoral ultrasound and presents 3 cases in which biopsy of deep-seated neck masses under intraoral ultrasound guidance helped in diagnosis and management...

..Sonographic imaging in conjunction with fine-needle aspiration is useful for detection of this disorder...

..The HO-1 pathway of apoptosis resistance is associated with an increase in the levels of p21, involves a p38 MAPK and ERK-mediated mechanism and can be suppressed by inhibiting NF-kappaB...

..The purpose of this study was to document the MR appearance of unusual nonmalignant polyps or masses (NMPMs) in the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus arising after radiation treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma...

..To evaluate the feasibility of performing in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of cervical lymph nodes, and the clinical usefulness of the technique in the characterization of cervical lymphadenopathy...

..To determine the potential role of a computer-assisted detection (CAD) algorithm as a second reader for experienced and inexperienced radiologists in mammography reading in Asian women...

..The pattern of distribution and the histopathologic features of these mucocutaneous lesions were diagnostic of Cowden's disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Cowden's disease involving a vocal fold...

..These results suggested that apoptosis induced by cadmium in FRO cells was initiated by the rapid elevation of intracellular calcium, followed by calcium-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt and mitochondrial impairment...

..From the therapeutic point of view, the finding that estradiol enhances anti-apoptotic signaling pathways may be significant in the search for novel prevention and treatment strategies of thyroid carcinomas...

..In a patient with known malignancy, tumour microembolism should be considered as an uncommon cause of rapid respiratory failure, refractory to antibiotic treatment...

..To review the imaging findings of diabetic mastopathy, and document the colour flow ultrasound and MR imaging features in this benign condition...

..We demonstrated a second primary carcinoma in a patient with previous metaplastic carcinoma rather than a metastasis with carcinoma component only...

..To determine the pathognomonic diagnostic cytological features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast which is a poor prognostic subtype of infiltrating ductal carcinoma...

..05). As the hormonal receptor protein expression shows a consistent decrease with increasing malignancy, we infer that the epithelium has a crucial role in the pathogenesis or progression of PT...

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..Though fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in preoperative diagnosis, there may be diagnostic delays in affected young women due to a lower index of suspicion...

..97 and 0 to 1.1 at TE 136 and 272, respectively. CONCLUSION: (1)H MR spectroscopy is a feasible technique for the evaluation of NPC tumors >1 cm(3). Cho/Cr ratios for the lesions were high compared with those for normal neck muscle...

..Human metapneumovirus was isolated from lung tissue. No other pathogen was found. Other etiologic agents should thus be sought in apparent SARS cases when coronavirus infection cannot be confirmed...

..Two cases of PASH are reported with emphasis on the FNAC features and cytologic differentiation from other benign fibroepithelial lesions...

..It is emphasized that eccrine poroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic foot lesions. Complete excision prevents recurrence, excludes dysplastic change, and prevents future malignant change...

..To compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ultrasonography (US) in the detection of necrosis in metastatic cervical nodes from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma...

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..Whereas the lung pathology was dominated by diffuse alveolar damage, the gut was relatively intact. These findings indicated that tissue responses to SARS-CoV infection are distinct in different organs...

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..We report the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of two patients who developed cutaneous high-grade sarcoma after mastectomy and irradiation for primary breast tumours more than 5 years ago...

..Our results showed that 1H MRS is a feasible technique for the evaluation of malignant thyroid tumors larger than 1 cm3 and that proton spectra of malignant tumors differ from that of normal thyroid tissue...

..To prospectively evaluate whether proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can be used to characterize salivary gland tumors (SGTs)...

..Extension outside the confines of the nasopharynx was not a feature, except in one case with early involvement of the prevertebral muscles...

..To compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of extranodal neoplastic spread (ENS) in metastatic cervical nodes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma...

..Further improvement in Doppler sonographic techniques to map capillary vessel flow should be explored to improve the current association with pathologic findings...

..Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumours with variable components of sarcomatoid, squamous or poorly differentiated carcinomas...

..SIGNIFICANCE: Diligent search for organisms in postirradiation granulomatous inflammation is warranted to avoid missing an occult tuberculosis infection...

..Assessment of stromal VEGF may be useful as an adjunctive diagnostic criterion in the histologic assessment of malignancy in phyllodes tumors...

..It is classified as grade II (World Health Organization) tumours, as they have a tendency to behave more aggressively than traditional meningiomas and have a greater likelihood of recurrence...

..A case of mediastinal synovial sarcoma is described, of which the unusual location, diagnosis and treatment form the basis of this report...

..To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed comparison among the different parts of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma...