Philip Kamtao Li

..Actions are needed to tackle both the traditional and the nontraditional factors for cardiovascular disease in order to treat this problem causing the highest mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients...

..To address the disease burden, we examine the infection-related mortality as well as the implications for subsequent cardiovascular mortality...

..We aimed to gain an understanding of patient concerns while on a transplantation waiting list in areas with long transplant waiting time...

..It is concluded that the TCR C-alpha gene is associated with IgAN but not with the prognosis of the disease...

..Evidence in PD patients that interventions targeting MetS can improve outcomes is still lacking. Large-scale studies with data on the clinical outcome for MetS intervention in PD patients are needed...

..Based on recent advances and clinical studies, ways of maximizing the success of peritoneal dialysis treatment in high transporters are discussed, and management strategies are proposed...

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..Particular efforts should therefore be made to explore the underlying reason(s) for the Asian peritoneal dialysis patient survival advantage. Alternative approach and guidelines to peritoneal dialysis delivery in Asia might be warranted...

..However, few studies have evaluated therapeutic approaches for preserving residual renal function after the initiation of dialysis...

..Judicious assessment of peritoneal dialysis adequacy and preservation of residual renal function should be constantly exercised to tailor treatment to the needs of Chinese CAPD patients...

..In the present article, we review the impact of residual renal function on patient outcomes and the renoprotective strategies available in patients on peritoneal dialysis...

..A slightly longer training time is to be expected for elderly patients. Self-care CAPD for elderly patients who are capable of performing their own exchanges provides them with an independent home life...

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..Enhanced training to medical and nursing personnel on PD is one of the key success factors for improving its utilization and outcome...

..Adoptive immunotherapy using IL-2-activated autologous LAK cells was effective in treating this renal transplant patient with EBV-positive high-grade lymphoma. The patient's kidney allograft functioned well without any rejection...

..This is probably the first multicenter randomized study comparing the double-bag and Y-set disconnect system using only new patients who had never used other systems of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis...

..IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world. Up to 30% of patients can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 10 years...

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..Thus we should also aim at achieving adequate fluid removal and volume homeostasis, blood pressure control, good nutrition, normal acid-base balance, normal mineral metabolism, minimal anemia, and normal lipid metabolism...

..We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study on the ARB valsartan in the treatment of patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy...

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..This article summarizes the views of the participant nephrologists on how to increase the utilization of PD to improve on clinical and financial management of patients with ESRD...

..More recently, TGF-beta1 codon 10 gene polymorphism has been shown to be associated with circulating TGF-beta levels. We tested whether TGF-beta1 genotype polymorphism was predictive of renal allograft function decline...

..Rosiglitazone (RSG), a thiazolidinedione, can improve insulin resistance, and its excretion does not rely on renal function. Moreover, it has an anti-inflammatory effect that might be beneficial in patients with renal failure...

..Malnutrition is common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, the ideal marker of nutritional status in PD patients remained controversial...

..Early evidence suggests that peritoneal permeability is affected by nitric oxide (NO) activity. Recently, a gene polymorphism of the endothelial NO synthase (ENOS) gene was identified that is associated with circulating nitrate levels...

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..Podocyte injury and its subsequent loss in urine play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may ameliorate the damage...

..We studied the clinical characteristics that influence the risk of dialysis-related peritonitis complication in incident Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)...

..Whether ACE inhibition will have a beneficial effect on the outcome of these patients needs further investigation...

..Because certain VEGF polymorphisms are correlated with alterations in VEGF expression, we hypothesized that VEGF genetic polymorphisms may affect the renal survival and progression of primary IgA nephropathy...

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..Patients who have no history of glucose intolerance may develop hyperglycemia after the initiation of PD therapy. However, the prevalence and long-term implications of new-onset hyperglycemia in PD patients has not been studied...

..However, the clinical course of Corynebacterium peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis remains unclear...

..However, few data exist for Asian population; clinicians have to rely upon indirect evidence by extrapolating the results from Caucasians to Asian recipients...

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..We studied the relationship between urinary mRNA expression of target genes and risk for renal function deterioration in patients with CKD...

..These results call attention to the value of validating prognostic factors of peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis...

..Social support is an independent risk factor for mortality among new hemodialysis patients. We evaluated the effect of social support on the outcome of Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..We compared a newly formulated solution of neutral pH and low levels of GDP to a standard PD solution...

..Since peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution contains glucose, the insulin requirement of these patients often increases after commenced on PD. However, the change in insulin requirement has not been studied systematically...

..IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. However, the actual prevalence of microscopic hematuria and IgAN is unknown in the Chinese population...

..We examined the relationship between two PPAR-gamma gene polymorphisms, namely the P12A and C161T, and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy...

..In the present paper, we review the recent studies that evaluated these potential effects of thiazolidinedione in patients with kidney diseases...

..We hypothesize that peritoneal albumin excretion in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which is conceptually analogous to microalbuminuria in non-uremic patients, can predict cardiovascular disease in new PD patients...

..Clinical outcomes among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) might not be linked to medical factors alone. We studied the clinical impact of various social factors among patients on PD...

..Hyperphosphatemia is an important predictor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. This study evaluated significant factors associated with hyperphosphatemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..The use of peritoneal dialysis has expanded in many developing subtropical countries; however, the role of climatic factors in dialysis-related peritonitis has not been studied in detail...

..Culture-negative peritonitis is a serious complication in peritoneal dialysis patients...

..Although our trial has limited statistical power, we find that in PD patients with mild acidosis and Kt/V <2.1, oral sodium bicarbonate probably improve nutritional status and reduce the duration of hospitalization...

..43 to 7.13), and residual GFR (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.86) were also independently predictive of cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, a single, random hs-CRP level has significant and independent prognostic value in PD patients...

..The change of PNA over six months, denoted as APNA-Rand and APNA-Berg, were calculated. The results were compared by the Bland and Altman's method...

..Anorexia that results in inadequate nutrient intake is considered one of the most important causes of malnutrition in dialysis patients...

..Because polymicrobial peritonitis is believed to be caused by bowel perforation in peritoneal dialysis patients, surgical exploration is often recommended. However, there is recent evidence that antibiotic therapy may be a safe alternative...

..Valvular calcification by itself has similar prognostic importance as the presence of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Its coexistence with other atherosclerotic complications indicates more severe disease and has the worst outcome...

..Dialysis patients are at risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies, not only because of losses during chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis but also because of low intakes...

..This study evaluated the association between residual renal function (RRF) and the severity of LVH in endstage renal failure (ESRF) patients undergoing long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)...

..Although DATT may be less accurate for CAPD patients with three daily exchanges, it remains a specific method to identify low and high transporters...

..We hypothesis that VEGF genetic polymorphism may affect the longitudinal change of peritoneal transport and clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis patients...

..We studied whether peritoneal Kt/V has the same effect in CAPD patients with residual renal function...

..73 m2 vs those with complete anuria and differentiated factors that predict outcome in the two groups of patients...

..We hypothesize that studying the gene expression profile of podocyte in urinary sediment may provide diagnostic and prognostic information on acquired proteinuric diseases...

..Abnormal potassium metabolism may contribute to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality seen in dialysis patients. We studied the pattern of serum potassium levels in a cohort of Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..However, the functional relevance of aquaporin in mesothelial cells remains uncertain because endothelial cells are generally regarded as the major barrier of peritoneal transport...

..However, its relationships with cardiac valvular calcification and atherosclerosis and outcome have not been evaluated in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..In this study, we examined circulating soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) in relation to different clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as mortality and cardiovascular events, in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients...

..An early assessment of peritoneal function after Tenckhoff catheter reinsertion may be valuable...

..We tested the hypothesis that valvular calcification is a marker of atherosclerosis in patients with ESRD...

..Previous studies found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays a conflicting role in peritoneal fibrosis. We hypothesise that TGF-beta acts on peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) via VEGF and CTGF as downstream mediators...

..Handgrip strength is a simple, easily performed bedside test that has been shown to correlate with lean body mass in patients close to inception of dialysis...

..The degree of renal scarring in kidney biopsy is an important prognostic factor in patients with chronic kidney diseases. We hypothesize that gene expression in the urinary sediment reflects the degree of renal damage...

..CONCLUSION: The measurement of urinary mRNA expression may be a noninvasive method for the assessment of lupus disease activity and the severity of renal involvement in patients with lupus nephritis...

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..43 (P = 0.001) for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. In conclusion, inflammation, RRF, and LVH are interrelated and combine adversely to increase mortality and cardiovascular death risk of PD patients...